Surgery Principles and Techniques Quiz

The principle that surgical procedures should be conducted in an environment free from disease-causing microorganisms.

A surgical technique that involves making a clean, precise cut through tissue using a scalpel.

The process of controlling bleeding during surgery.

A surgical instrument used for grasping and clamping blood vessels to control bleeding.

A surgical suture used to tie off a blood vessel and prevent bleeding.

The principle that surgical procedures should be performed with minimal force and trauma to tissues.

The principle that surgical procedures should be performed with minimal time delay.

The principle that surgical procedures should focus on restoring the proper alignment and function of tissues.

A surgical procedure where a portion of the healthy intestinal wall is removed along with the diseased section.

A surgical technique used to join two ends of the intestine together.

The most common type of intestinal anastomosis where the two ends of the intestine are joined directly.

A type of intestinal anastomosis used when the diameter of the two intestinal ends is significantly different.

A surgical procedure to remove a foreign object from the intestines.

A surgical procedure to fix one part of the intestine to another, often used to prevent intestinal invaginations.

A surgical opening into the urinary bladder.

The surgical removal of a part of the urinary bladder.

A surgical procedure that creates a new opening for the urethra. It's often used to address issues like stones, strictures, cancer, or trauma.

A type of urethrostomy where the new opening is created in front of the scrotum. The mucous membrane of the urethra is attached to the skin with a simple interrupted suture.

A type of urethrostomy preferred for its wider and superficial urethra. It's done after castration via the scrotum, with the incision made above the catheter.

A type of urethrostomy used when other options are not feasible due to the thick and potentially bleeding cavernous tissue. Incisions are made in the perineum, attaching the urethra to the skin with interrupted sutures.

The procedure involves removing the distal part of the penis. It's a surgical intervention that's often performed to address cancer, trauma, or other conditions.

The process of surgically disabling reproductive capabilities. The animal's sex organs are left intact, but they no longer produce gametes and cannot reproduce.

The procedure involves removing the testes or ovaries. The animal can no longer produce gametes and is rendered incapable of reproduction.

A hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a significant role in male development and sexual function.

A condition where the perineal muscles separate, allowing rectal, pelvic, or abdominal contents to displace the perineal skin.

A condition where the pelvic diaphragm muscles, particularly the levator ani, fail to support the rectal wall, leading to persistent rectal distension and difficulty defecating.

A ligament that runs along the border of the pelvic diaphragm. It's NOT present in cats.

A type of surgical procedure to repair a perineal hernia by sewing the stretched muscles back together.

A pre-operative measure to soften stool and make bowel movements easier before surgery.

Prophylactic antibiotics are given before surgery to prevent infection.

Identifying and releasing any herniated organs back into their proper position.

Sewing the muscles together to repair the hernia in a simple, uninterrupted pattern.

A buildup of blood within the ear cartilage, often resulting from head shaking or scratching.

Surgical procedure involving removing infected tissue and debris from the ear canal. This is done with a curette and irrigation to prevent damage to the auditory ossicles and inner ear structures.

A technique used for upright ear carriage that involves a flap at the base of the ear along the ear margins.

A type of BO where the ear canal is opened from the ventral side. This can be done alone or with a lateral ear resection.

A procedure where only the vertical ear canal is removed. Other parts of the ear remain intact.

The complete removal of the vertical ear canal, often used when there is disease or neoplasia within the canal.

A common complication associated with ear surgery. This can result in facial nerve paralysis, deafness, or other vestibular issues.

A surgical technique used to remove infected tissue and debris from the ear canal. This is done with a curette and irrigation to prevent damage to the auditory ossicles and inner ear structures.

The stomach is an organ located in the cranial abdomen that continues from the esophagus. Its shape depends on the amount of food it contains, being V-shaped when empty or moderately full and spherical when filled.

The stomach has two major curvatures: the greater and lesser curvatures. It is divided into the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. The fundus is the least vascularized part and is responsible for storage.

The stomach receives blood supply from the celiac artery which further branches into the splenic, left gastric, and hepatic arteries. The gastroepiploic artery located between the greater curvature and the spleen is important to avoid ligation during splenectomy.

The stomach wall has four layers: the mucous membrane, submucosa (strongest), muscular, and serous membrane.

Omenta are mesenterial membranes that hold abdominal organs in place, contribute to blood deposit and thermal insulation, and regulate blood pressure. They contain abundant blood and lymph supply and fat.

The small intestines are comprised of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. The rectum begins in the pelvic inlet and ends ventral to the caudal vertebrae, transitioning into the anal canal. The anal canal has three zones: columnar, intermediate, and cutaneous.

The anal canal, approximately 1-2 cm long, is composed of smooth muscle (internal anal sphincter) and skeletal muscle (external anal sphincter). Anal sacs are situated between these muscles.

The primary site for urethrostomy in male cats, as it often effectively addresses obstructive lesions in the distal urethra.

A condition where the penis cannot be retracted back into the prepuce after being extruded, often due to changes in the prepuce.

A condition where the penis is trapped in the preputial bag due to a narrowed opening, preventing it from being extruded.

A surgical technique where tissue is gently separated without cutting, minimizing damage to surrounding structures like blood vessels and nerves.

The strongest grip for holding a scalpel, allowing for maximum pressure on tissue. Most often used on cattle.

The safest and most common method for incising tissue with a scalpel. It involves a light gliding motion across the tissue.

A technique where the scalpel is held at a 30-40 degree angle to the tissue, allowing for finer and more precise incisions.

Using a scalpel to make small, deep incisions, often into fluid-filled structures.

A method of incising tissue by tearing it apart using instruments like fingers, forceps, or probes, while avoiding injury to crucial structures.

A type of incision used for creating a long, straight cut through skin, often for larger areas.

Paired ovoid organs located within the scrotum, responsible for producing male sex hormones (like testosterone) and gametes (sperm).

The protrusion of the abdominal wall that houses the testes. It consists of two layers: the skin of the scrotum and the dartos tunic, a smooth muscle layer that helps regulate temperature.

A type of incision used to cut through curved or uneven surfaces, often in smaller areas.

A thick layer of peritoneum that encapsulates the testes and spermatic cord. It has two laminae: the visceral lamina covering the testes and epididymis, and the parietal lamina located externally.

A method of immobilizing tissue during surgery. This includes using a thumb and forefinger to hold the skin still or utilizing forceps or sutures to hold deeper layers.

A muscle that originates from the iliac fascia and connects to the tunica vaginalis. It helps regulate temperature by adjusting the position of the testes within the scrotum.

A surgical technique used to make precise cuts in delicate tissues with smaller blades, typically for smaller or more intricate incisions.

The space between the visceral and parietal laminae of the tunica vaginalis at the level of the spermatic cord.

The space between the visceral and parietal laminae of the tunica vaginalis at the level of the testes.

A surgical procedure that increases the diameter of the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and the small intestine.

A surgical procedure that cuts through the muscle layer of the pylorus, widening the opening.

The least complicated pyloroplasty technique, but often with temporary effects. Involves a longitudinal incision through the muscle layer of the pylorus, keeping the mucous membrane intact.

A widely used pyloroplasty technique involving a longitudinal incision through all layers of the pylorus, followed by transverse closure with sutures.

A pyloroplasty technique that creates a Y-shaped incision to widen the pylorus. It starts with a longitudinal incision and branches into two lateral incisions.

The corners of the Y-shaped incision in the Y-U Pyloroplasty should not be too sharp to avoid tissue necrosis.

All parts of the Y-shaped incision in the Y-U Pyloroplasty should be of equal length.

The closing of the incision in Y-U Pyloroplasty starts at the duodenal end and proceeds in both directions, transitioning the Y-shape to a U-shape.

A type of castration where the testes are removed through an incision in the scrotum, leaving the skin intact.

A type of castration where the scrotum is opened, and the testicles are removed.

A common complication after castration, often caused by improper ligation or handling of the blood vessels.

The cord that connects the testicle to the body, containing blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens. It needs to be ligated and cut during castration.

A surgical technique used to close a wound by bringing the edges together.

The ideal age range for castration in dogs and cats, but it's a matter of debate among vets.

The tissue that separates the two testicles within the scrotum.

The position of the hind legs during castration, allowing for better access to the scrotum.

The process of using a scalpel to make a clean, precise incision through tissue.

A type of suture used to close subcutaneous tissue using a criss-cross pattern.

A type of suture used to close the skin layer in a horizontal pattern.

Apply pressure to the bleeding area for at least 2-3 minutes to allow the vessel to clot.

Using a device to cauterize the bleeding point, usually effective for smaller veins and arteries.

Tying off the end of a blood vessel with a suture to prevent further bleeding.

Using specialized forceps designed to gently grasp tissue without causing harm to delicate structures.

Gentle tissue handling techniques are essential to prevent trauma and promote successful healing.

An incision made through the skin using a scalpel.

The process of ligating and cutting the spermatic cord during castration.

Protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal, typically involving omentum or intestines. More common in small dog breeds and rarely occurs in felines. Can be congenital, traumatic, or caused by factors like obesity and gestation. Can be direct or indirect.

The passageway located in the ventral abdominal wall near the groin, through which the spermatic cord (in males) or round ligament of uterus (in females) passes.

Hernia where abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal near the vaginal process, usually seen in females.

Hernia where abdominal contents protrude through the vaginal process into the vaginal cavity, primarily in males.

Type of inguinal hernia where the hernial contents protrude through the vaginal process and extend into the scrotum.

A protrusion of the abdominal contents through a weakness in the abdominal wall at the navel.

The surgical repair of a reducible umbilical hernia where the herniated contents can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity.

A type of umbilical hernia where the herniated contents cannot be pushed back into the abdominal cavity.

A type of umbilical hernia where the herniated contents are squeezed and potentially damaged.

A surgical technique used to close the abdominal wall during umbilical hernia repair when the muscles are weak or damaged using a synthetic mesh.

The care provided after umbilical hernia surgery, including antibiotics for irreducible or squeezed hernias, pain medication, and removal of skin sutures.

The possible complications after umbilical hernia surgery, including infection, reherniation, and recurrence of the hernia.

The expected outcome after umbilical hernia surgery, which is generally favorable.

The surgical closure of a hernia, typically by sewing together the abdominal wall muscles.

The tissue that surrounds the herniated contents, often needing separation from the external hernia sac.

The stomach has two major curvatures: the greater curvature, which is the outside curve, and the lesser curvature, which is the inside curve. These curvatures help to define the different regions of the stomach.

The stomach is divided into four main regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. The cardia is the point where the esophagus connects to the stomach. The fundus is the dome-shaped upper part of the stomach. The body is the main central portion of the stomach. The pylorus is the lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine.

The stomach receives its blood supply from the celiac artery, a short artery branching from the abdominal aorta. The celiac artery divides into three main branches: the splenic artery, the left gastric artery, and the common hepatic artery. The splenic artery supplies the spleen and the left side of the stomach. The left gastric artery supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach. The common hepatic artery supplies the liver and the right side of the stomach.

The stomach is held in place by four ligaments. The hepatogastric ligament connects the stomach to the liver. The hepatoduodenal ligament connects the liver to the duodenum (part of the small intestine). The gastrosplenic ligament connects the stomach to the spleen. The gastrophrenic ligament connects the stomach to the diaphragm.

The stomach wall consists of four layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The mucosa is the innermost layer and lines the stomach cavity. The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue that supports the mucosa. The muscularis is a layer of smooth muscle that helps to churn food. The serosa is the outermost layer and is a thin membrane that covers the stomach.

A medical procedure where a needle is inserted into the aural hematoma to drain the blood.

The use of corticosteroids injected directly into the hematoma cavity after drainage, aiming to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

A surgical procedure to remove the hematoma, prevent recurrence, while preserving the natural appearance of the ear.

A suture placed parallel to the major vessels, aiming to prevent leakage of blood.

A light protective bandage covering the ear to support it and ensure proper healing.

A potential complication of aural hematomas where the ear's carriage (shape and position) is lost.

The potential for tissue damage due to the bandage being too tight, leading to complications.

A thin ligament that extends from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus, helping to hold the bladder in place.

A pair of ligaments that connect the sides of the urinary bladder to the pelvic floor.

The smooth mucosal area located between the ureter orifices and the internal urethra orifice. It's shaped like a triangle.

The organ through which urine leaves the bladder. It's a tube that extends from the neck of the bladder to the external opening.

This includes the cranial, middle, and caudal vesical arteries. They provide the blood supply to the urinary bladder.