BDS 10052 Principles of Preprosthetic Surgery: Aims and Objectives

The primary goal of preprosthetic surgery is to create an ideal alveolar ridge, a foundation for successful denture placement. It involves shaping the bone and gum tissue to ensure proper support, stability, and comfort.

Ridge resorption, the loss of bone in the alveolar ridge, is more pronounced in the mandible. This is attributed to its thinner cortical layer and the downward forces applied by teeth and the periodontal ligament during chewing.

Ridge resorption is accelerated in the mandible due to factors like the direction of forces during chewing, the impact of repetitive jaw movements (parafunction), and the effects of periodontal diseases.

Alveolar ridge changes begin after teeth are lost, with the mandible experiencing greater resorption than the maxilla.

An ideal alveolar ridge for denture support is flat, wide, and smooth. This shape provides stability and evenly distributes pressure from the denture, enhancing comfort and function.

Alveoloplasty involves reshaping the alveolar ridge. It removes bony undercuts, sharp edges, and overgrowths, creating a smoother and more uniform surface for denture placement.

Exostosis removal addresses excessive bone growth (exostosis) that can interfere with denture stability and function. Removing these bony projections creates a more harmonious ridge shape.

Nerve repositioning is a procedure to move a nerve away from the area where the denture will be placed. This avoids potential nerve damage and discomfort during denture placement.

Maxillary alveolar ridge resorption can be categorized into three types. The flat-ridge form shows loss of the alveolar process. The knife-edge form is characterized by a thin and sharp ridge. The high and narrow form has a reduced width and an increased height.

Ridge augmentation enhances the dimensions of the alveolar ridge. It involves adding bone or other grafting materials to increase the ridge's height, width, or both. It's aimed at providing better denture support.

Vestibuloplasty addresses insufficient alveolar ridge height, particularly in the anterior region. This procedure deepens the sulcus (the space between the teeth and the cheek/lip), providing more room for denture placement.

The Vestibuloplasty with tissue grafting technique combines deepening the sulcus with adding tissue grafts. This enhances ridge dimensions and ensures a more stable and comfortable fit for the denture.

Intraseptal alveoloplasty involves removing the bone between the teeth (interseptal bone). This reshaping procedure optimizes contours and improves the shape of the alveolar ridge.

Removal of tori, large bony growths that can interfere with denture placement, is often necessary for successful denture construction. This procedure eliminates the obstruction and facilitates a better fit.

Z-plasty procedures are used to reduce excess tissue removal during frenum excision. This procedure utilizes a Z-shaped incision to create a more balanced and aesthetically pleasing outcome.

Frenum removal, the removal of a band of tissue connecting the lip or tongue to the gum, may be necessary in preprosthetic surgery for denture fabrication or orthodontic treatment.

Preprosthetic surgery is essential for denture success. It allows for the creation of an ideal ridge that ensures proper denture stability and function. It also creates a comfortable and durable solution for patients.

Irregularities in the alveolar bone can create challenges in denture fabrication if they're not addressed before construction. Preprosthetic surgery smooths out these irregularities to ensure a proper fit and function.

Soft tissue adjustments, often performed during preprosthetic surgery, are essential for ensuring a denture that is comfortable and functional. They optimize the fit and minimize discomfort.

Nerve repositioning plays a vital role in preprosthetic surgery. By relocating a nerve away from the denture placement area, it prevents potential nerve damage during construction and use, ensuring patient safety and comfort.

Preprosthetic surgery focuses on preparing the alveolar ridge for successful denture construction. It involves reshaping bone and soft tissue to create an ideal foundation for the denture, ensuring a comfortable and functional outcome.

Alveoloplasty aims to reshape the bone of the alveolar ridge. It removes bony undercuts and sharp edges to create a smoother, more uniform surface. This helps to prevent irritation and improve denture stability and comfort.

Exostosis removal focuses on eliminating excess bone growth (exostosis). This procedure improves the contours of the alveolar ridge to ensure proper denture fit and stability.

Nerve repositioning involves relocating a nerve to avoid damage during denture construction. This procedure ensures patient comfort and safety by protecting the nerve from potential injury.

The goal of ridge augmentation is to increase the size and dimensions of the alveolar ridge. It involves adding bone graft material to provide better support and retention for the denture.

Vestibuloplasty deepens the sulcus, the space between the teeth and the cheek/lip, to improve the fit and stability of the denture. It can be combined with tissue grafting for a more substantial improvement.

Intraseptal alveoloplasty reshapes the bone between the teeth (interseptal bone). It smooths out irregularities and improves the contours of the alveolar ridge, creating a better base for the denture.

Tori removal removes large bony growths called tori that can obstruct proper denture placement. This procedure ensures a more stable and comfortable denture fit.

Z-plasty procedures are used to reduce the amount of tissue removal after frenum excision. This creates a more balanced and aesthetically pleasing result for the patient.

Frenum removal is performed to remove the tissue connecting the lip or tongue to the gum. This is done to improve the fit and stability of the denture or to facilitate orthodontic treatment.