Surgery Essentials Quiz

Cellulitis, Abscess, and Fluid Therapy in Surgery

Cellulitis:

• Acute bacterial infection of the skin characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.
• Caused by a break in the skin, local trauma, or bacteremic spread of infection.
• Common causative agents are Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci.
• Symptoms include fever, chills, erythema, swelling, tenderness, and pain.
• Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, CBC, and culture and sensitivity.
• Mild cases can be treated with oral antibiotics, while severe cases require intravenous antibiotics.
• Complications include blood infection, bone infection, inflammation of lymph nodes and heart, meningitis, shock, and tissue death.

Abscess:

• A localized collection of pus composed of tissue debris and dead and alive bacteria.
• Can be caused by trauma, infection, neoplastic growth, or iatrogenic factors.
• Commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
• Symptoms include fever, pain, anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, heat, swelling, tenderness, redness, and thin, white or yellow skin.
• Complications include bacteremia, rupture into nearby tissue, bleeding, loss of function of vital organ, antibioma, and chronic discharging sinus.
• Treatment includes drainage, antibiotics, and aspiration.

Fluid Therapy in Surgery:

• IV fluids are chemically prepared solutions given to patients who cannot take orally.
• Used to replace fluid loss or help in giving IV medication.
• Indications include rapid restoration of fluid and electrolytes in dehydration, total parenteral nutrition, and replacement of special fluid loss.
• Disadvantages include hospitalization, cost, infection, pyrogenic reaction, and discomfort.
• Fluids classified according to their ability to cross capillary membrane and tonicity.
• Common types of IV fluids include colloids, crystalloids, and blood and blood products.
• Drip factor formula is total volume in ml x drip factor ÷ time in min = flow rate (drop/min).

Cellulitis, Abscess, and Fluid Therapy in Surgery

Cellulitis:

• Acute bacterial infection of the skin characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.
• Caused by a break in the skin, local trauma, or bacteremic spread of infection.
• Common causative agents are Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci.
• Symptoms include fever, chills, erythema, swelling, tenderness, and pain.
• Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, CBC, and culture and sensitivity.
• Mild cases can be treated with oral antibiotics, while severe cases require intravenous antibiotics.
• Complications include blood infection, bone infection, inflammation of lymph nodes and heart, meningitis, shock, and tissue death.

Abscess:

• A localized collection of pus composed of tissue debris and dead and alive bacteria.
• Can be caused by trauma, infection, neoplastic growth, or iatrogenic factors.
• Commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
• Symptoms include fever, pain, anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, heat, swelling, tenderness, redness, and thin, white or yellow skin.
• Complications include bacteremia, rupture into nearby tissue, bleeding, loss of function of vital organ, antibioma, and chronic discharging sinus.
• Treatment includes drainage, antibiotics, and aspiration.

Fluid Therapy in Surgery:

• IV fluids are chemically prepared solutions given to patients who cannot take orally.
• Used to replace fluid loss or help in giving IV medication.
• Indications include rapid restoration of fluid and electrolytes in dehydration, total parenteral nutrition, and replacement of special fluid loss.
• Disadvantages include hospitalization, cost, infection, pyrogenic reaction, and discomfort.
• Fluids classified according to their ability to cross capillary membrane and tonicity.
• Common types of IV fluids include colloids, crystalloids, and blood and blood products.
• Drip factor formula is total volume in ml x drip factor ÷ time in min = flow rate (drop/min).