Surface Treatments, Coatings, and Paint Defects

• Study notes for treatments and coatings of surfaces

Surface Treatment and Coating

• The document discusses surface treatments and coatings
• Emek19 is identified with the subject of surface treatment and coating

Repairing Paint Defects

• Knowing the origin of a paint defect is necessary when repairing it
• Identifying the specific cause enables the correct application and avoids recurrence
• Analyzing lower layers of paint can help identify causes if the outer layer analysis is inconclusive
• Issues may stem from support preparation, priming, or application errors

Common Paint Defects

These defects affects the final appearence of the product or surface

• Wrinkling
• Runs
• Dust inclusion
• Bubbles
• Orange peel
• Crazing
• Detachment or lifting
• Flaking
• Powdering
• Hazing
• Corrosion or perforated oxidation
• Craters and fish eyes

Blending Technique

• Primarily used on large body parts without transition limits
• Locating the process and materials is crucial before blending
• Verify the suitability of the paint by applying it to a sample

Matte space

• A recommended matte area is about 30 cm around the repaired area

Dry Blending Process

• Repair of base paint in the damaged area
• Color matching
• Paint prep and verification
• Masking and cleaning
• Matting the integration area using P2000 or micro abrasives
• Polish the entire piece
• First coat with 1 bar pressure
• Second coat with 1.5 bar
• Apply integrating product
• Apply new coat more broadly if needed
• Polish if required

Painting

• Higher pressure and fluid flow increase paint application in coat one
• Adjusting fluid flow reduces color intensity

Wet-on-Wet Blending

• Similar to dry but applies one or two coats from manufacturer before apply the color
• Color adheres better when applied while the product is still wet

Blending Objectives

• Blending achieves a gradual transition between repair paint and existing vehicle paint

Benefits of Blending

• High-quality finish is achieved
• Repair time is reduced
• Material usage is lowered

Monolayer Paints

• Lost patch

Diffused techniques

• Polishing at the end
• Polishing at the start

Application Techniques

• Collection
• Sweeping
• Drip

Drip Application

• Reduces input pressure to 0.8 bar and 0.5 bar during blending

Indispensable Blending Operations

• Damaged are prepare
• Color matching
• Paint preparation according to manufacturer guidelines
• Compare against vehicle color after drying

Primers

• Primers eliminate the need for direct contact between water, air, and steel

Electropriming

• Electropriming creates a thin, protective zinc layer on sheet metal during painting to prevent oxidation

Types of Primers

• 1K: Typically in aerosol form, requiring no mixing and easy-to-use
• 2K: Require a catalyst, such as epoxy and phosphating primers

Electrodeposition

• Zinc dissolution

Differences Between Electropriming and Primers

• Work equipment and application technique

Types of Primers

• Phosphate, epoxy, plastic, and water-based

Fillers

• Used to achieve a smooth surface for painting

Qualities of Fillers

• They must adhere to the application surface
• Provide flexibility at high thickness
• Be easy to prepare, sand, and apply
• Resist mechanical and chemical agents

Types of Fillers

• Qualities are adhesion, flexibility, ease of prep, sanding, resistance etc

Components of Fillers

• Polyester resins: 35-50%
• Charge pigments : 40-50%
• Thixotropic agents: 0.5-2%
• Color pigments: 1-10%
• Hardener: 1-3%

Loading Pigments

• They prevent resin contraction during the curing phase, improve adhesion and facilitate sanding
• Talc, barites and grease

Light Fillers Qualities

• Offer density and simplicity for sanding and application on painted materials

Qualities of Pore Sealant Fillers

• Used to cover minor imperfections single or multiple components on plastic

Plastic Fillers Qualities

• Improve adhesion on plastics and flexibility once dry improves with resin

Manufacturers and fillers

• Technical sheet including aspects for correct use

Filler Applications Based on Surface type:

• Polyester filler
• Multifunctional or light fillers
• Aluminum filler

Monocomponents Fillers Usage

• as pore sealants and for touch-ups

Forms of Application

• Spatula
• Pistols
• Small cloth pads

Spatula Application Process:

• Preparation
• Mix
• Apply in layers and let it set
• Sand
• Collect residues

Masking

• used to prevent scratches from sanding on areas

Degreasing

• moistens with degreaser, rubbing and drying

Catalyst Percentages

• 5º to 10° is 3%
• 10° to 20° is 2%.
• 20° to 30° is 1%.

Hardener Amounts

• Excess hardener causes premature curing and alters color
• Insufficient hardening prevents complete hardening

Mixture technique

• Deposit with catalyst the estimated refill
• Lift half of the filler with a spatula to spread on the plate

Spatula Applications

• Uniform coat at 60º
• Greater thickness at 35º-45º
• Smooth the surface removing material

Special Considerations

• Low temperatures are used with infrared to accelerate settings
• Always use medium or long-wave systems

Water Sanding

• Sanding dry only
• Moisture causes oxidation or the boiling effect

Putty Sanding Precautions

• To isolate small marks and cover only

New Product Painting

• Recommendations and safety procedures in the data sheets are key

Primers

• Isolate the background
• Improve leveling
• Optimize painting

Types

• Drying form
• Solids content
• Application System
• Applications

1K vs 2K primers

• 2K improve surface and easy sanding

Application Advantages and Disadvantages

• Advantage is reduction on drying and painting
• Disadvantage is the advise on correct painting

Tinted Primer

• Tintable primer is what is used to permit color close to that of what is going to be painted

Application steps

• Planning
• Piece preparation like cleaning, covering and sanding
• Mixtures
• Applications
• Drying
• Sanding
• Gather dirt

Drying methods

• Room temperature
• Infrared equipment

Cleaning tools

• Recommend cleaning tools after using them

Apparatuses

• Involves leveling and sealing backgrounds preparing it for end results
• Classifications include drying, usage, and solids content

Types of Primer

• 1K quick to cure and easy to handle
• 2K slow to cure but will give it more quality

Wet-on-wet application

• Major reduction in drying time
• Lower filling power

Tintable Primaries

• Used to get a very close tone for the painting

Color definitions

• Sensory and physical properties
• Variations exist due to application and environmental factors

Color Factors

• Light source, pigment of the object, and observer

Types of Light

• Monochromatic and polychromatic

Relation

• Objects reflect instead of produce light

Reflection

• Objects re-emit light

Intense Reflections

• Diffuse scattering

Possible variable Conditions

• Pigment
• Dimensions
• Distances
• Environment

Human eye

• Pupil, lens, and retina

Retina Functionalities

• Indicate light levels to brain

Metamerism

• When light reflects from a product making it appear with different colors

Metameric light

• Light source, observer, and composition of colors

Color mixing

• Under different lights

Qualities

• Type, clarity, tone and the vivacity

Color Vibrancy

• Vibrancy vs Clear, vibrancy dissipates

Representation

• Colors close to central axis lack vibriancy

Pigment Characteristics

• Coverage, tinting. transparency, and brightness

Colorimetry

• Measuring color

Light Beams

• Tonalities that overlap in zones

Light Source "A"

• Emitting tungsten at 2.856º Kelvin

Opacity and Translucency

• Opaque wont leave enough light
• Translucent lets pass some and reflects the rest

Chromatic Circle

• Colors both primary and secondary

Grayscale

• Included in three-dimensional representations of colors, running from black to white

Neutral Colors

• Marrons and chamois

Tonal Adjustments

• Using the mayor basic adjustments or using a formula

Adjusters Formula

• Obtain a color for your current formula

Chromatic Colors

• Adding clear based in the formula

Metalized Colors

• Anulating the metallic by color affects reflection
• Metalic based increases the luminosity