Surface and Subsurface Drainage Systems Quiz

Surface Drainage

Surface water is often defined as any precipitation that does not soak into the ground but instead runs off over the land's surface. This runoff can cause erosion when it flows across bare soil areas exposed by farming practices such as plowing and planting. Surface drainage involves collecting this excess water from agricultural fields using ditches or other structures designed specifically for this purpose. These features collect the water and redirect it away from the field to prevent flooding, protect crops, maintain soil quality, and reduce the risk of erosion.

Subsurface Drainage

Subsurface drainage refers to excess water that seeps through the soil profile below the root zone. It occurs when the rate of rainfall exceeds the capacity of the soil to absorb water and hold it within its pore spaces. This accumulated water may then move downward under gravity into lower layers of the soil where it cannot quickly escape due to slow permeability. To address subsurface water problems, two broad categories of actions have been developed: control measures aimed at reducing the flow of surplus water towards the land to be drained and outflow measurements designed to channel surplus waters more easily along their pathways. Examples of subsurface drainage systems include tile drains, which consist of perforated tubes laid beneath the surface of the soil, and open channels buried just below the topsoil.

Maintenance of Drainage Systems

Proper maintenance of these systems is crucial for ensuring efficient functioning and preventing potential issues. For example, if a clogged ditch prevents proper drainage, water could back up onto farmland or flood neighboring properties or roads. Regular cleaning, repairing, and replacing components of surface and subsurface drainage systems help maintain optimal performance. Additionally, regular inspection ensures that any blockages or breaches in the system are identified early before they become bigger issues.