Surface Anatomy of the Neck
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Questions and Answers

Which nerve innervates the Carotid Sinus?

  • Vagus nerve
  • Brachial plexus
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (correct)
  • Phrenic nerve

What does the Carotid Sinus react to?

  • Change in oxygen saturation
  • Change in venous blood pressure
  • Change in arterial blood pressure (correct)
  • Change in carbon dioxide levels

What does the Carotid Body monitor?

  • Partial pressure of O2
  • Blood glucose levels
  • Partial pressure of CO2 (correct)
  • pH levels

Which artery is covered by the carotid sheath?

<p>Internal Carotid Artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein drains the skull and cranial cavity?

<p>Dural venous sinuses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is within the carotid sheath?

<p>Internal jugular vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein drains intracranial structures and superficial parts of the face and neck?

<p>Internal jugular vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Internal Jugular Vein initially located relative to the internal carotid artery?

<p>Posterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential space in the neck?

<p>Alar fascia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a border of the posterior triangle of the neck?

<p>Inferior border of Mandible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the largest cartilage of the laryngeal skeleton?

<p>Thyroid cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is the largest branch of the arch of aorta?

<p>Brachiocephalic trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery passes Rib 1 on its way to the upper limb?

<p>Thyrocervical trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what level does the carotid bifurcation occur?

<p>C3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a learning outcome of the lecture on surface anatomy of the neck?

<p>Describe the form and position of the common and internal carotid arteries and the internal jugular vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a recommended reading for the lecture on surface anatomy of the neck?

<p>Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 7th Edition, 2018 © Elsevier Inc. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the lecture on surface anatomy of the neck?

<p>Thoracic Wall 1&amp;2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of the neck's general structure?

<p>Horizontal layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?

<p>Clavicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a vessel discussed in the lecture on surface anatomy of the neck?

<p>Vertebral artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect drug distribution?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of drug distribution?

<p>To move drugs to/from blood and tissues of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ has the highest relative organ perfusion?

<p>Heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominate plasma binding protein for drugs?

<p>Albumin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are highly soluble in aqueous, polar media?

<p>Hydrophilic drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ionised:unionised ratio of a drug depend on?

<p>pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs have low lipid solubility and will not diffuse across cell membranes?

<p>Ionised drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diffusion occurs in capillaries with small gaps between endothelial cells?

<p>Continuous diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier?

<p>To protect the brain from harmful substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can the ability of drugs to pass through the blood-brain barrier be influenced by disease states?

<p>Yes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these factors does NOT affect drug distribution?

<p>Drug solubility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theoretical volume required to account for the amount of drug in the body called?

<p>Volume of distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of drug distribution assumes rapid mixing of drug in plasma and rapid equilibrium with drug in extravascular tissues?

<p>Single compartment model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical relevance of volume of distribution?

<p>Height (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula can be used to calculate the total amount of drug in the body?

<p>A = C x Vd (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor for determining a drug's half-life?

<p>Volume of distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property that can dictate how a drug can distribute?

<p>Drug administration route (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug represent?

<p>Total amount of drug in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the time taken to reach steady state concentration (Css) of a drug depend on?

<p>Drug half-life (t1/2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for elimination half-life (t1/2) of a drug?

<p>t1/2 = ln2 x Vd / CL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an antihypertensive therapeutic mentioned in the text?

<p>b1-adrenoceptor antagonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for diagnosing hypertension according to the text?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of persistent dry cough?

<p>ACE inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of ankle edema?

<p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of dizziness?

<p>Diuretics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of headaches?

<p>Calcium channel blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of flushes?

<p>Calcium channel blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of back/leg pain?

<p>Diuretics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of hyperkalemia?

<p>ACE inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive therapeutic is associated with the side effect of gout?

<p>Diuretics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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