Surface Anatomy of the Heart: Orientation and Surfaces
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Questions and Answers

Which surface of the heart is formed by the left atrium?

  • Right pulmonary
  • Left pulmonary
  • Inferior
  • Posterior (correct)
  • Where is the aortic valve located in relation to the sternum?

  • Level with the third intercostal space on the right side of the middle third of the sternum
  • Opposite the fourth costal cartilage in the median plane of the inferior third of the sternal body
  • Just below and to the right of the pulmonary valve on the left side of the middle third of the sternum (correct)
  • Near to the left third costal cartilage, at the junction of the superior and middle thirds of the body of the sternum
  • Which cardiac valve is located near to the left third costal cartilage?

  • Tricuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve (correct)
  • Aortic valve
  • Mitral valve
  • In its typical anatomical orientation, which direction does the apex of the heart point?

    <p>Anterior-inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surfaces are formed by different internal divisions of the heart?

    <p>Anterior, Posterior, Inferior, Right pulmonary, Left pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the tricuspid valve located in relation to the sternum?

    <p>Median plane in the inferior third of the sternal body; opposite the fourth costal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the surface landmarks used to locate the pulmonary valve?

    <p>Junction of superior and middle thirds of body of sternum and slightly to the left side; near to left third costal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is significant about the surface markings of cardiac valves in relation to auscultation sites?

    <p>They are not at the same locations as the preferred sites of auscultation of murmurs emanating from them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cardiac anatomy has been described as an upside down pyramid with its apex pointing in an anterior-inferior direction?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the transverse pericardial sinus lie in relation to the heart's structures?

    <p>Posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the wall dividing the atria from the ventricles?

    <p>Coronary sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is posteriorly related to the oblique pericardial sinus?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the right ventricle located in relation to the borders of the heart?

    <p>Inferior border</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is found superiorly on the heart and can be used in coronary artery bypass grafting?

    <p>Transverse pericardial sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the wall separating the ventricles in the heart?

    <p>Interventricular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels does the transverse pericardial sinus separate?

    <p>Arterial vessels and venous vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the wall dividing the atria from the ventricles?

    <p>Coronary sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the transverse pericardial sinus located in relation to the heart's structures?

    <p>Posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the oblique pericardial sinus in relation to coronary artery bypass grafting?

    <p>It can be used to identify and tie off the arteries of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

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