Surface Anatomy of the Heart: Orientation and Surfaces

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Which surface of the heart is formed by the left atrium?

Right pulmonary

Left pulmonary

Inferior

Posterior (correct)

Where is the aortic valve located in relation to the sternum?

Level with the third intercostal space on the right side of the middle third of the sternum

Opposite the fourth costal cartilage in the median plane of the inferior third of the sternal body

Just below and to the right of the pulmonary valve on the left side of the middle third of the sternum (correct)

Near to the left third costal cartilage, at the junction of the superior and middle thirds of the body of the sternum

Which cardiac valve is located near to the left third costal cartilage?

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary valve (correct)

Aortic valve

Mitral valve

In its typical anatomical orientation, which direction does the apex of the heart point?

Anterior-inferior (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which surfaces are formed by different internal divisions of the heart?

Anterior, Posterior, Inferior, Right pulmonary, Left pulmonary (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the tricuspid valve located in relation to the sternum?

Median plane in the inferior third of the sternal body; opposite the fourth costal cartilage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the surface landmarks used to locate the pulmonary valve?

Junction of superior and middle thirds of body of sternum and slightly to the left side; near to left third costal cartilage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the surface markings of cardiac valves in relation to auscultation sites?

They are not at the same locations as the preferred sites of auscultation of murmurs emanating from them (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cardiac anatomy has been described as an upside down pyramid with its apex pointing in an anterior-inferior direction?

Heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the transverse pericardial sinus lie in relation to the heart's structures?

Posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk (C) Signup and view all the answers

What represents the wall dividing the atria from the ventricles?

Coronary sulcus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart is posteriorly related to the oblique pericardial sinus?

Left atrium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the right ventricle located in relation to the borders of the heart?

Inferior border (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found superiorly on the heart and can be used in coronary artery bypass grafting?

Transverse pericardial sinus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What represents the wall separating the ventricles in the heart?

Interventricular septum (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels does the transverse pericardial sinus separate?

Arterial vessels and venous vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the wall dividing the atria from the ventricles?

Coronary sulcus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the transverse pericardial sinus located in relation to the heart's structures?

Posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the oblique pericardial sinus in relation to coronary artery bypass grafting?

It can be used to identify and tie off the arteries of the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers