Supreme Court Cases Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which Supreme Court case ruled that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional?

  • Schenck v. United States
  • Roe v. Wade
  • Brown v. Board of Education (correct)
  • Engel v. Vitale

Which cases collectively involved the right to privacy?

  • Roe v. Wade and Engel v. Vitale
  • Tinker v. Des Moines and Griswold v. Connecticut
  • Katz v. United States and Roe v. Wade (correct)
  • Griswold v. Connecticut and Katz v. United States (correct)

Which landmark case determined that students have the right to free speech as long as it does not disrupt school activities?

  • Schenck v. United States
  • New York Times v. United States
  • Engel v. Vitale
  • Tinker v. Des Moines (correct)

What was the primary ruling of Engel v. Vitale regarding school prayer?

<p>Official school-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Roe v. Wade impact state restrictions on abortions?

<p>States cannot prohibit abortions before fetal viability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest court in the U.S.?

<p>Supreme Court (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which case established the principle of judicial review?

<p>Marbury v. Madison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Necessary and Proper Clause allow Congress to do?

<p>Make laws necessary to execute enumerated powers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education?

<p>School segregation was declared unconstitutional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Supreme Court case United States v. Nixon (1974) pertain to?

<p>Executive privilege in a criminal trial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which case did the Supreme Court uphold Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce?

<p>Gibbons v. Ogden (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling in the Dred Scott case?

<p>Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Supreme Court case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine?

<p>Plessy v. Ferguson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

This landmark case ruled that students have a right to free speech in school, as long as it doesn't disrupt school activities.

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

This case established the unconstitutionality of state-sponsored school prayer, ruling that it violates the First Amendment's Establishment Clause.

New York Times v. United States (1971)

This case determined that the government cannot prevent the publication of classified information, even if it claims national security concerns.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

The Court ruled that the right to privacy is a fundamental right implied by the Constitution, granting individuals the right to make personal decisions about their bodies.

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Roe v. Wade (1973)

This case extended the right to privacy to include a woman's right to an abortion, establishing that states cannot ban abortions before fetal viability.

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Supreme Court

The highest court in the United States, responsible for interpreting the Constitution and federal laws.

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Judicial Branch

The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and determining the constitutionality of laws.

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Marbury v. Madison (1803)

This landmark case established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

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Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

This case upheld Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause.

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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

This case ruled that the Constitution allows Congress to make laws that are necessary to execute its enumerated powers, even if those powers aren't explicitly listed.

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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

This decision upheld the constitutionality of separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites.

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

This landmark case overturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine, ruling that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

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Lochner v. New York (1905)

This case overturned a state law limiting bakers' working hours, emphasizing freedom of contract over government regulation.

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Study Notes

Supreme Court Cases: Key Decisions and Impacts

  • Supreme Court: Highest court in the U.S.

  • Judicial Branch Function: Interprets laws, settles disputes, and assesses laws' constitutionality.

  • United States v. Nixon (1974): President cannot utilize executive privilege to hide evidence in a criminal trial.

  • Griswold v. Connecticut (1965): Invalidated state laws prohibiting contraceptives, upholding marital privacy rights.

  • Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established Judicial Review, enabling the court to deem laws unconstitutional.

  • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Congress has implied powers (Necessary and Proper Clause), and states cannot tax federal institutions.

  • Necessary & Proper Clause: Allows Congress to make laws necessary for carrying out enumerated powers, offering flexibility.

  • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Upheld Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause.

  • Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): Ruled African Americans aren't citizens, Congress can't ban slavery in territories.

  • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Established "Separate but Equal," allowing racial segregation in public facilities.

  • Lochner v. New York (1905): Struck down a law limiting bakers' hours, prioritizing freedom of contract over government regulation.

  • Schenck v. United States (1919): Free speech doesn't protect speech posing a "clear and present danger."

  • Korematsu v. United States (1944): Upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

  • Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional, violating the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.

  • First Amendment Cases:

    • Schenck v. United States (1919)
    • Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
    • New York Times v. United States (1971)
    • Engel v. Vitale (1962)
  • Engel v. Vitale (1962): Banned official school prayers.

  • Tinker v. Des Moines (1969): Students have free speech rights, as long as they don't disrupt school.

  • Privacy Cases:

    • Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
    • Roe v. Wade (1973)
    • Katz v. United States (1967).
  • Roe v. Wade (1973): Limited state power to restrict abortions before fetal viability, protecting a woman's right to choose.

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