Supraventricular Tachycardia: Causes and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why the P waves are often difficult to discern in supraventricular tachycardia?

  • The SA node is not functioning properly
  • The pacemaker site is often located near the AV node
  • The use of sympathomimetic medications affects the P wave
  • The rapid heart rate makes the P waves indiscernible (correct)

Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of supraventricular tachycardia?

  • Hypokalemia (correct)
  • Hypoxia
  • Digitalis toxicity
  • Ischemic heart disease

What is the typical heart rate range for supraventricular tachycardia?

  • 250-300 per minute
  • 300-350 per minute
  • 100-150 per minute
  • 150-250 per minute (correct)

What is the effect of rapid rates on cardiac output in patients with supraventricular tachycardia?

<p>Marked reduction in cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical PR interval for ectopic pacemakers located near the SA node?

<p>Close to 0.12 second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical effect of supraventricular tachycardia on patients with good cardiac reserves?

<p>Patients with good cardiac reserves can tolerate SVT well for short periods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of reduced diastolic phase on coronary artery perfusion?

<p>It compromises coronary artery perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atrial rate in atrial flutter?

<p>250-350 per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of P waves in atrial flutter?

<p>Both sawtooth and picket fence pattern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of choice for atrial flutter with a ventricular rate of 150 beats per minute?

<p>Electrical therapy with synchronized cardioversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atrial fibrillation on cardiac output?

<p>It decreases cardiac output by 20-25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic rhythm of atrial fibrillation?

<p>Irregularly irregular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia?

<p>Atrial fibrillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of atrial dilation in atrial fibrillation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of atrial fibrillation that continues for more than a year despite medical treatment?

<p>Permanent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rapid ventricular rates in atrial fibrillation?

<p>It compromises cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of a ventricular rate of less than 60 in patients with atrial fibrillation?

<p>Cardiac output decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response?

<p>Loss of atrial kick and rapid ventricular response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a stable patient with atrial fibrillation?

<p>Obtaining a 12-lead ECG and establishing IV access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the AV junction in the conductive system?

<p>To slow the impulse between the atria and the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the part of the AV node that penetrates the fibrous tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles?

<p>Lower portion of the AV node (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of AV blocks?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of AV blocks based on the degree of the block?

<p>First-degree, second-degree, and third-degree (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a first-degree AV block?

<p>A delay in conduction at the level of the AV node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PR interval in a first-degree AV block?

<p>More than 0.20 second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying rhythm in a first-degree AV block?

<p>Sinus bradycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical ventricular rate in a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Usually bradycardic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical P wave pattern in a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Two P waves for each QRS complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment for a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Prepare for transcutaneous pacing only if signs of poor perfusion are present (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical etiology of a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Usually associated with acute MI and septal necrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical QRS complex morphology in a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Can be normal or abnormal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical atrial rate in a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Unaffected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical significance of a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Can compromise cardiac output, causing problems such as syncope and angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of a 2:1 AV block?

<p>Can develop into full AV block (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical etiology of a third-degree AV block?

<p>Usually associated with AMI, digitalis toxicity, or degeneration of the conductive system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical ventricular rate in a third-degree AV block?

<p>Can be less than 40, between 40-60, or more than 60 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual consequence of a first-degree AV block?

<p>It often leads to a more significant block (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of block is often a transient phenomenon that occurs immediately after an inferior wall MI?

<p>Second-degree Mobitz I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of PR intervals in a second-degree Mobitz I block?

<p>Progressively longer PR intervals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common ratio of conduction in a second-degree Mobitz I block?

<p>5:4, 4:3, 3:2, or 2:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual cause of second-degree AV block, Mobitz II?

<p>Acute MI and septal necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical ventricular rate in a second-degree Mobitz II block?

<p>Bradycardic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a second-degree Mobitz II block?

<p>It can compromise cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment for a second-degree Mobitz II block?

<p>Usually unnecessary unless signs of poor perfusion are present (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the QRS complex in a second-degree Mobitz II block?

<p>It is often more than 0.12 second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a first-degree block?

<p>It is usually no danger in itself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical feature of premature junctional contractions in lead II?

<p>Inverted P waves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical rate of the AV node in junctional escape rhythm?

<p>40-60 beats per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of frequent premature junctional contractions?

<p>Indicate organic heart disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pacemaker site in junctional escape beat?

<p>AV junction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical QRS complex duration in premature junctional contractions?

<p>Usually normal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical etiology of junctional escape rhythm?

<p>Increased vagal tone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical PR interval in premature junctional contractions?

<p>Less than 0.12 second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical significance of junctional escape rhythm?

<p>May decrease cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment for junctional escape rhythm?

<p>Observation only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical rhythm in junctional escape rhythm?

<p>Regular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for treatment of junctional bradycardia?

<p>Signs of poor perfusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum cumulative dose of atropine sulfate that can be administered for junctional bradycardia?

<p>3.0 mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the PR interval if the P wave occurs before the QRS complex in junctional bradycardia?

<p>Less than 0.12 second (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of accelerated junctional rhythm?

<p>Ischemia of the AV junction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical heart rate range for accelerated junctional rhythm?

<p>60-100 beats per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of junctional bradycardia on cardiac output?

<p>Decreases cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the P waves in junctional bradycardia?

<p>Inverted and can appear before or after the QRS complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary rationale for administering atropine sulfate in junctional bradycardia?

<p>To increase the heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the QRS complex in accelerated junctional rhythm?

<p>Normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for transcutaneous pacing in junctional bradycardia?

<p>Signs of poor perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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