Introduction to Supraventricular Tachycardia

Introduction to SVT

• SVT stands for Supraventricular Tachycardia.
• It's a rapid heartbeat originating in the atria or the sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart.
• This rapid heart rate is typically more than 100 beats per minute (BPM).
• SVT can occur in individuals of any age, although it's more common in younger adults.
• Prompt treatment usually prevents lasting damage, and the underlying cause is often identified and addressed.

Types of SVT

• Atrial flutter is a type of SVT, characterized by rapid, regular atrial contractions.
• Atrial fibrillation is another type, involving irregular, often rapid electrical firing in the atria.
• AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a common type, arising from a circuit in the AV node.
• AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) involves a circuit involving accessory pathways, extra electrical pathways between atria and ventricles.

Symptoms of SVT

• Palpitations (racing or fluttering heart) are key.
• A rapid pulse is often noticeable.
• Chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness can occur.
• Anxiety or nervousness may accompany SVT.

Diagnosis of SVT

• Physical exam (listening to the heart with a stethoscope) assesses heart rate and rhythm.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) captures the heart's electrical activity, vital for diagnosis.
• Holter monitoring records heart activity over 24 hours.
• Event recorders detect rhythm disturbances as they occur.

Treatment for SVT

• Vagal maneuvers (carotid massage, Valsalva) may slow heart rate.
• Medications (beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers) control heart rate.
• Cardioversion (electrical shocks) restores normal rhythm.
• Ablation creates scar tissue to block abnormal pathways.

Causes of SVT

• Underlying heart conditions can cause SVT.
• Dehydration, stress, caffeine, or stimulant use can trigger episodes.
• Some medications may increase SVT risk.
• Irregularities can occur in a healthy heart.

Associated Conditions

• SVT can be linked to underlying heart conditions.
• Coronary artery disease and other conditions can present with SVT.
• Underlying structural heart problems can lead to SVT.

Management of SVT

• Managing SVT involves lifestyle adjustments and medical interventions.
• Avoiding stimulants (caffeine, alcohol) and managing stress is important.
• Adherence to prescribed medications and regular doctor follow-ups are crucial.

Prognosis

• Most SVT cases are treatable, with excellent long-term outcomes.
• Proper diagnosis and treatment allow for healthy lives.

This quiz covers the basics of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT), including its definition, types, and symptoms. Learn about different forms of SVT such as atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, and understand the implications of rapid heartbeats and their underlying causes. Perfect for those studying cardiology or health sciences.