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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the location of the submandibular region?
Which of the following best describes the location of the submandibular region?
- Posterior to the mandible, including the occipital bone.
- Below the mandible, down to the hyoid bone. (correct)
- Above the mandible, extending to the zygomatic arch.
- Lateral to the mandible, encompassing the parotid gland.
A surgeon is operating in the submandibular region. Damage to which of the following muscles would MOST directly affect the patient's ability to depress the mandible during mouth opening?
A surgeon is operating in the submandibular region. Damage to which of the following muscles would MOST directly affect the patient's ability to depress the mandible during mouth opening?
- Mylohyoid muscle.
- Stylohyoid muscle.
- Digastric muscle. (correct)
- Hyoglossus muscle.
A patient presents with difficulty in elevating the floor of their mouth during the first stage of swallowing. Dysfunction of which muscle is MOST likely contributing to this issue?
A patient presents with difficulty in elevating the floor of their mouth during the first stage of swallowing. Dysfunction of which muscle is MOST likely contributing to this issue?
- Hyoglossus.
- Mylohyoid. (correct)
- Geniohyoid.
- Stylohyoid.
During a surgical procedure, a nerve is inadvertently severed, leading to a patient's inability to depress their tongue. Which nerve was MOST likely damaged?
During a surgical procedure, a nerve is inadvertently severed, leading to a patient's inability to depress their tongue. Which nerve was MOST likely damaged?
A patient exhibits difficulty retracting and elevating the hyoid bone. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?
A patient exhibits difficulty retracting and elevating the hyoid bone. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?
Following a neck dissection, a patient reports difficulty in opening their mouth. Which muscle's nerve supply was MOST likely compromised, leading to this condition?
Following a neck dissection, a patient reports difficulty in opening their mouth. Which muscle's nerve supply was MOST likely compromised, leading to this condition?
A surgeon is isolating the submandibular gland during a neck surgery. Which statement accurately describes its relationship to the digastric triangle?
A surgeon is isolating the submandibular gland during a neck surgery. Which statement accurately describes its relationship to the digastric triangle?
During a physical examination, a physician palpates the submandibular gland and notes a distinct separation into superficial and deep parts. Which anatomical structure defines the separation between these two parts of the submandibular gland?
During a physical examination, a physician palpates the submandibular gland and notes a distinct separation into superficial and deep parts. Which anatomical structure defines the separation between these two parts of the submandibular gland?
A patient is diagnosed with a lesion affecting the inferolateral surface of the superficial part of the submandibular gland. Which of the following structures is LEAST likely to be directly affected by this lesion?
A patient is diagnosed with a lesion affecting the inferolateral surface of the superficial part of the submandibular gland. Which of the following structures is LEAST likely to be directly affected by this lesion?
A surgeon is operating near the superficial part of the submandibular gland and needs to be mindful of the nearby structures. Which of the following is NOT directly related to the lateral surface of this gland segment?
A surgeon is operating near the superficial part of the submandibular gland and needs to be mindful of the nearby structures. Which of the following is NOT directly related to the lateral surface of this gland segment?
Which statement accurately describes the location of the mylohyoid muscle in relation to the deep part of the submandibular gland?
Which statement accurately describes the location of the mylohyoid muscle in relation to the deep part of the submandibular gland?
A 60-year-old patient reports dry mouth following a surgical procedure in the submandibular region. Testing reveals a selective loss of secretomotor function in the submandibular gland, leaving sensory and vasomotor functions intact. Which nerve was MOST likely damaged during the procedure?
A 60-year-old patient reports dry mouth following a surgical procedure in the submandibular region. Testing reveals a selective loss of secretomotor function in the submandibular gland, leaving sensory and vasomotor functions intact. Which nerve was MOST likely damaged during the procedure?
What is the MOST accurate route of the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to the submandibular gland?
What is the MOST accurate route of the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to the submandibular gland?
What is the MOST accurate description of the course of the submandibular duct?
What is the MOST accurate description of the course of the submandibular duct?
A dentist notes inflammation around the sublingual papilla. This area marks the termination of which structure?
A dentist notes inflammation around the sublingual papilla. This area marks the termination of which structure?
A patient presents with a ranula (a mucus extravasation cyst) associated with the sublingual gland. Which of the following relationships is MOST relevant to the potential spread of this cyst?
A patient presents with a ranula (a mucus extravasation cyst) associated with the sublingual gland. Which of the following relationships is MOST relevant to the potential spread of this cyst?
Which muscle separates the anterior belly and posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Which muscle separates the anterior belly and posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
What is the MOST accurate description of the location of the digastric fossa?
What is the MOST accurate description of the location of the digastric fossa?
Which muscles form the loop to the hyoid bone?
Which muscles form the loop to the hyoid bone?
What is the nerve supply of the Geniohyoid muscle?
What is the nerve supply of the Geniohyoid muscle?
A lesion in the floor of the mouth affects the genioglossus muscle. Considering the relationship of adjacent structures, which other structure is MOST likely to be directly affected?
A lesion in the floor of the mouth affects the genioglossus muscle. Considering the relationship of adjacent structures, which other structure is MOST likely to be directly affected?
Which statement describes the anatomical course of the motor nerve supply to the mylohyoid muscle?
Which statement describes the anatomical course of the motor nerve supply to the mylohyoid muscle?
Which muscles form the floor of the mouth (oral diaphragm)?
Which muscles form the floor of the mouth (oral diaphragm)?
What best relates the origin and action of the Hyoglossus muscle?
What best relates the origin and action of the Hyoglossus muscle?
In relation to the submandibular gland, which statement regarding the sublingual gland is MOST accurate?
In relation to the submandibular gland, which statement regarding the sublingual gland is MOST accurate?
What best describes nerve supply of the sublingual gland?
What best describes nerve supply of the sublingual gland?
The sublingual gland has multiple ducts, but where do these ducts ultimately lead?
The sublingual gland has multiple ducts, but where do these ducts ultimately lead?
Compared to the submandibular gland, how would you describe the size of the sublingual gland?
Compared to the submandibular gland, how would you describe the size of the sublingual gland?
What is an accurate depiction of the sublingual gland's location in the submandibular region?
What is an accurate depiction of the sublingual gland's location in the submandibular region?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between anterior and posterior fibers from the mylohyoid muscle?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between anterior and posterior fibers from the mylohyoid muscle?
The stylohyoid muscle, known for its role in hyoid bone movement, possesses a unique anatomical feature related to its insertion. What statement accurately describes this feature?
The stylohyoid muscle, known for its role in hyoid bone movement, possesses a unique anatomical feature related to its insertion. What statement accurately describes this feature?
What best relates the inferior surface of the sublingual gland?
What best relates the inferior surface of the sublingual gland?
What structures form boundaries of the digastric triangle?
What structures form boundaries of the digastric triangle?
What structural feature distinguishes the sublingual gland from the submandibular and parotid glands?
What structural feature distinguishes the sublingual gland from the submandibular and parotid glands?
What structure is MOST likely affected following damage to the lingual nerve adjacent to the submandibular duct?
What structure is MOST likely affected following damage to the lingual nerve adjacent to the submandibular duct?
To what is the Medial surface of superficial part of the submandibular gland related?
To what is the Medial surface of superficial part of the submandibular gland related?
If the sympathetic supply to the submandibular gland is severed, the MOST likely result would be:
If the sympathetic supply to the submandibular gland is severed, the MOST likely result would be:
Flashcards
Submandibular Region
Submandibular Region
Area below the mandible down to the hyoid bone.
Suprahyoid muscles
Suprahyoid muscles
Muscles located above the hyoid bone; includes digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and hyoglossus.
Digastric muscle: Origin
Digastric muscle: Origin
Has two bellies: Anterior from the digastric fossa of the mandible; Posterior from the digastric notch.
Action of Digastric muscle
Action of Digastric muscle
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Mylohyoid muscle: Origin
Mylohyoid muscle: Origin
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Mylohyoid muscle: Insertion
Mylohyoid muscle: Insertion
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Mylohyoid muscle: Action
Mylohyoid muscle: Action
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Hyoglossus muscle: origin
Hyoglossus muscle: origin
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Hyoglossus muscle: Insertion
Hyoglossus muscle: Insertion
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Stylohyoid muscle: Action
Stylohyoid muscle: Action
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Geniohyoid Muscle
Geniohyoid Muscle
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Geniohyoid muscle: Action
Geniohyoid muscle: Action
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Submandibular Salivary Gland
Submandibular Salivary Gland
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Submandibular Gland: Superficial
Submandibular Gland: Superficial
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Submandibular Gland: Deep Part
Submandibular Gland: Deep Part
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Superficial Part: Inferolateral Surface
Superficial Part: Inferolateral Surface
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Superficial Part: Medial Surface
Superficial Part: Medial Surface
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Deep part: Lateral relation
Deep part: Lateral relation
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Deep part: Medial relation
Deep part: Medial relation
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Deep part: Superior relation
Deep part: Superior relation
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Deep part: Inferior relation
Deep part: Inferior relation
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Submandibular gland: Sensory
Submandibular gland: Sensory
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Submandibular gland: Parasympathetic
Submandibular gland: Parasympathetic
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Submandibular gland: Sympathetic
Submandibular gland: Sympathetic
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Submandibular duct: Beginning
Submandibular duct: Beginning
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Submandibular duct: Course
Submandibular duct: Course
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Submandibular duct: Termination
Submandibular duct: Termination
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Sublingual Salivary Gland
Sublingual Salivary Gland
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Sublingual Gland: Superior
Sublingual Gland: Superior
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Sublingual Gland: Inferior
Sublingual Gland: Inferior
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Sublingual Gland: Medial
Sublingual Gland: Medial
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Sublingual Gland: Ducts
Sublingual Gland: Ducts
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Study Notes
Submandibular Region
- Area below the mandible down to the hyoid bone
Main Contents
- Suprahyoid muscles
- Submandibular ganglion
- Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Suprahyoid Muscles
- Digastric
- Mylohyoid
- Hyoglossus
- Stylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
Digastric Muscle
- Originates with 2 bellies
Anterior Belly
- Originates from the digastric fossa of the mandible’s inner side of the lower border
Posterior Belly
- Originates from the digastric notch, it is on the medial side of the mastoid process
Insertion
- The intermediate tendon
- The tendon is fixed by a fibrous loop to the hyoid bone
Nerve Supply
- Anterior belly: Mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar nerve
- Posterior belly: Muscular branch from the facial nerve
Action
- Depresses the mandible when opening the mouth
- Elevates the hyoid bone when swallowing
Mylohyoid Muscle
- Originates from the mylohyoid line, on the inner surface of the mandible
Insertion
- Anterior Fibers: Mylohyoid muscles of both sides fuse together at the median fibrous raphe, which extends from the symphysis menti to the body of the hyoid bone
- Posterior Fibers: Directly insert into the hyoid bone
Oral Diaphragm
- The fused mylohyoid muscles of both sides form the floor of the mouth
Nerve Supply
- Mylohyoid nerve: From the inferior alveolar nerve
Action
- Depression of the mandible
- Elevation of the hyoid bone
- Elevation of the floor of the mouth in the 1st stage of deglutition
Hyoglossus Muscle
- Originates as quadrilateral muscle that arises from the hyoid bone
- Insertion into the posterior half of the side of the tongue
- The hypoglossal nerve supplies it
- Depresses the tongue
Stylohyoid Muscle
- Lies along the upper border of the posterior belly of the digastric
- Originates from the styloid process
- Inserts into the hyoid bone, the tendon is split by the intermediate tendon of the digastric
- It is supplied by the muscular branch from the facial nerve
- Draws the hyoid bone upwards and backwards
Geniohyoid Muscle
- Lies deep to the mylohyoid muscle
- Originates from the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible
- Inserts into the hyoid bone
- The C1 spinal nerve via the hypoglossal nerve supplies it
- Draws the hyoid bone upwards and forwards
- Assists in opening of the mouth
Submandibular Salivary Gland
- Lies in the digastric triangle
- Is about half the size of the parotid gland
Parts of the Salivary Gland
- Superficial
- Deep
Superficial Part
- The larger part, lies superficial to the mylohyoid muscle
- Extends in the interval between the mylohyoid muscle and the body of mandible
- Skin Relation: Inferolateral surface
- Superficial Fascia Relation: Platysma and cervical branch of facial nerve
- Facial Vein Relation: Inferolateral surface
- Submandibular Lymph Nodes Relation: Inferolateral surface
- Submandibular Fossa Relation: Lateral surface
- Insertion of Medial Pterygoid Muscle Relation: Lateral surface
- Facial Artery Relation: Lateral surface
- Mylohyoid Relation: Medial surface
- Hyoglossus Relation: Medial surface
Deep Part
- Thin, flat process and lies deep to the mylohyoid muscle
- The 2 parts are continuous with each other around the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle
- Extends forwards in the interval between the mylohyoid and the hyoglossus muscles
- Mylohyoid : Relation is lateral
- Hyoglossus: Relation is medial
- Lingual nerve & submandibular ganglion : Relation is superior
- Hypoglossal nerve: Relation is Inferior
Innervation of Submandibular Salivary Gland
- Sensory: From the lingual nerve
- Parasympathetic (secretomotor): From the chorda tympani (branch from the facial nerve), through the lingual nerve in the submandibular ganglion
- Sympathetic (vasomotor): From the sympathetic plexus around the facial artery
Submandibular Duct
- Emerges from the anterior end of the deep part of the gland
- 5 cm in length
- Passes forwards and upwards between the hyoglossus medially and the mylohyoid laterally
- Then, Runs between the genioglossus medially and the sublingual gland laterally
- The submandibular duct is crossed by the lingual nerve
- Termination: On the floor of the mouth at the summit of a small sublingual papilla at the side of the frenulum of the tongue
Sublingual Salivary Gland
- The smallest of the 3 main salivary glands
- Lies under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
- Superior Relation: The mucosa of the floor of the mouth (sublingual fold)
- Inferior Relation: Mylohyoid muscle
- Lateral Relation: Sublingual fossa of the mandible
- Medial Relation: Genioglossus muscle, It is separated from the gland by the lingual nerve and the submandibular duct
Ducts
- Has 8 – 20 fine ducts, which open in the floor of the mouth on the sublingual fold
Nerve Supply
- Same as the submandibular gland
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