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Questions and Answers
What is the melting point range of Polyoxyl 40 stearate?
What is the melting point range of Polyoxyl 40 stearate?
- 39°C to 45°C (correct)
- 60°C to 65°C
- 25°C to 30°C
- 50°C to 55°C
Which of the following bases may require lubrication for mold release?
Which of the following bases may require lubrication for mold release?
- Polyoxyl 40 stearate
- Glycerinated gelatin (correct)
- Cocoa butter
- Polyethylene glycol
What type of emulsion is typically seen among the miscellaneous bases?
What type of emulsion is typically seen among the miscellaneous bases?
- Water-in-oil type (correct)
- Oil-in-water type
- Solid-in-liquid type
- Water-in-solid type
Why may different bases prepared in the same mold yield different weights of suppositories?
Why may different bases prepared in the same mold yield different weights of suppositories?
Which of the following materials is noted as both oleaginous and water-miscible?
Which of the following materials is noted as both oleaginous and water-miscible?
What is the main constituent of cocoa butter?
What is the main constituent of cocoa butter?
At what temperature does cocoa butter typically melt?
At what temperature does cocoa butter typically melt?
Which of the following is a consequence of hastily melting cocoa butter?
Which of the following is a consequence of hastily melting cocoa butter?
What is the recommended method for melting cocoa butter to avoid unstable crystalline forms?
What is the recommended method for melting cocoa butter to avoid unstable crystalline forms?
Which agents can lower the melting point of cocoa butter?
Which agents can lower the melting point of cocoa butter?
What percentage of cetyl esters wax is typically added to cocoa butter to solidify it?
What percentage of cetyl esters wax is typically added to cocoa butter to solidify it?
What is a risk associated with adding too much hardening agent to cocoa butter?
What is a risk associated with adding too much hardening agent to cocoa butter?
Why is cocoa butter preferred as a suppository base?
Why is cocoa butter preferred as a suppository base?
What is the main reason glycerinated gelatin suppositories are commonly used in vaginal preparations?
What is the main reason glycerinated gelatin suppositories are commonly used in vaginal preparations?
Which factor affects the stiffness of glycerinated gelatin suppositories?
Which factor affects the stiffness of glycerinated gelatin suppositories?
What is a disadvantage of using a glycerinated gelatin base for suppositories?
What is a disadvantage of using a glycerinated gelatin base for suppositories?
How does polyethylene glycol (PEG) compare in its thermal characteristics to other suppository bases?
How does polyethylene glycol (PEG) compare in its thermal characteristics to other suppository bases?
What must be done to PEG suppositories that do not contain at least 20% water before insertion?
What must be done to PEG suppositories that do not contain at least 20% water before insertion?
What happens when glycerinated gelatin suppositories are stored improperly due to their hygroscopic nature?
What happens when glycerinated gelatin suppositories are stored improperly due to their hygroscopic nature?
What is the relationship between the molecular weight of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their hardness?
What is the relationship between the molecular weight of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their hardness?
What is a primary benefit of polyethylene glycol suppositories in terms of their physical characteristics?
What is a primary benefit of polyethylene glycol suppositories in terms of their physical characteristics?
Which characteristic is essential for a suppository base?
Which characteristic is essential for a suppository base?
What is one disadvantage of using cocoa butter as a suppository base for fat-soluble drugs?
What is one disadvantage of using cocoa butter as a suppository base for fat-soluble drugs?
Which property of glycerinated gelatin and polyethylene glycol influences drug release in suppositories?
Which property of glycerinated gelatin and polyethylene glycol influences drug release in suppositories?
Which of the following is true about un-ionized drugs in suppositories?
Which of the following is true about un-ionized drugs in suppositories?
What is an advantage of using water-soluble bases for fat-soluble drugs?
What is an advantage of using water-soluble bases for fat-soluble drugs?
Which of these substances is NOT classified as a fatty or oleaginous base?
Which of these substances is NOT classified as a fatty or oleaginous base?
What is the recommended form of drug to use with a cocoa butter base for optimal bioavailability?
What is the recommended form of drug to use with a cocoa butter base for optimal bioavailability?
Which of the following oils is recommended as a substitute for cocoa butter?
Which of the following oils is recommended as a substitute for cocoa butter?
Study Notes
Suppository Bases
- Suppository bases must be solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature for drug release.
- Fatty bases (Oleaginous) - Cocoa butter, hydrogenated fatty acids of vegetable oils (palm kernel oil, cottonseed oil), fat-based compounds (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate
- Cocoa butter: ideal base, melts just below body temperature, but may exhibit polymorphism (multiple crystal forms)
- To avoid unstable crystal formation (alpha), melt slowly and evenly over warm water
- Substances like phenol and chloral hydrate can lower melting point, requiring solidifying agents (cetyl esters wax or beeswax)
- Cocoa butter: ideal base, melts just below body temperature, but may exhibit polymorphism (multiple crystal forms)
- Water-Soluble or Water-Miscible Bases: Glycerinated gelatin, Polyethylene glycols (PEGs)
- Glycerinated Gelatin: Gelatin dissolved in glycerin and water, used for prolonged local action (vaginal suppositories).
- Disadvantages: Laxative effect of glycerol, hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), can irritate tissues upon insertion
- PEGs: Polymers of ethylene oxide and water, come in various chain lengths and molecular weights.
- Hardness increases with molecular weight
- Do not melt at body temperature, but dissolve slowly
- Can be formulated with higher melting points for slower release and convenient storage.
- Glycerinated Gelatin: Gelatin dissolved in glycerin and water, used for prolonged local action (vaginal suppositories).
- Miscellaneous Bases: Combinations of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances
- Example: Polyoxyl 40 stearate (water-soluble, melting point of 39°C - 45°C)
Effect of Drug Ionization and Suppository Base on Release
- Un-ionized Drugs (HB): More readily partition out of water-miscible bases (glycerinated gelatin, PEG). But, bases dissolve slowly, retarding release.
- Ionized Drugs (B-): For systemic action, using a cocoa butter base, it's better to incorporate the ionized (salt) form for better bioavailability.
Preparation of Suppositories
- Calibration of the Mold: Each mold has a specific volume. Different bases will have varying weights in the same mold due to density differences.
- Lubrication of the Mold: May be needed to facilitate removal of molded suppositories.
- Not usually needed with cocoa butter or PEG bases
- Usually needed for glycerinated gelatin (use a thin coating of mineral oil)
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Description
Explore the different types of suppository bases, including fatty and water-soluble options. Understand the properties and applications of each base, particularly in drug delivery systems. This quiz helps reinforce knowledge related to the formulation of suppositories in pharmacology.
