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Questions and Answers
Which nerve primarily supplies the facial muscles?
Which nerve primarily supplies the facial muscles?
Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication?
Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication?
What cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory function of the face?
What cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory function of the face?
Which vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens?
Which vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens?
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What is the role of the transverse foramen in cervical vertebrae?
What is the role of the transverse foramen in cervical vertebrae?
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How many thoracic vertebrae are present in an adult human?
How many thoracic vertebrae are present in an adult human?
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Which muscle is primarily concerned with closing the jaw during mastication?
Which muscle is primarily concerned with closing the jaw during mastication?
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What is the primary action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for tensing the skin of the inferior face and neck?
Which muscle is responsible for tensing the skin of the inferior face and neck?
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How are the muscles of the neck primarily organized?
How are the muscles of the neck primarily organized?
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What is a key function of the infrahyoid muscles?
What is a key function of the infrahyoid muscles?
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Which triangle of the anterior cervical region contains the omohyoid muscle?
Which triangle of the anterior cervical region contains the omohyoid muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for elevating the posterior tongue?
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the posterior tongue?
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Which of the following muscles aids primarily in swallowing?
Which of the following muscles aids primarily in swallowing?
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What is the primary role of the scalene muscles?
What is the primary role of the scalene muscles?
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Which of the following muscles depresses the mandible?
Which of the following muscles depresses the mandible?
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Which muscle is NOT primarily involved in facial expression?
Which muscle is NOT primarily involved in facial expression?
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What nerve primarily supplies most of the facial muscles?
What nerve primarily supplies most of the facial muscles?
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Which muscle’s primary action includes protraction and depression of the tongue?
Which muscle’s primary action includes protraction and depression of the tongue?
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What is the primary action of the trapezius muscle related to the neck?
What is the primary action of the trapezius muscle related to the neck?
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Which infrahyoid muscle helps in elevating the thyroid cartilage?
Which infrahyoid muscle helps in elevating the thyroid cartilage?
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Which muscle is responsible for closing the eye and enabling winking?
Which muscle is responsible for closing the eye and enabling winking?
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What is the primary action of the temporalis muscle?
What is the primary action of the temporalis muscle?
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Which muscle is NOT involved in facial expression?
Which muscle is NOT involved in facial expression?
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The corrugator supercilii is primarily responsible for which facial movement?
The corrugator supercilii is primarily responsible for which facial movement?
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Which muscle assists in elevating the upper lip and flaring the nostrils?
Which muscle assists in elevating the upper lip and flaring the nostrils?
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Which of the following muscles primarily acts to compress the cheeks?
Which of the following muscles primarily acts to compress the cheeks?
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Which muscle is responsible for depressing the mandible?
Which muscle is responsible for depressing the mandible?
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The epicranial aponeurosis connects which two muscle bellies?
The epicranial aponeurosis connects which two muscle bellies?
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Which of the following describes the primary function of the depressor anguli oris?
Which of the following describes the primary function of the depressor anguli oris?
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Which muscle would be involved in side-to-side movement of the mandible?
Which muscle would be involved in side-to-side movement of the mandible?
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What is the main action of the orbicularis oris?
What is the main action of the orbicularis oris?
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Which of the following muscles primarily functions in mastication?
Which of the following muscles primarily functions in mastication?
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Which muscle would be engaged when displaying an expression of dislike by wrinkling the nose?
Which muscle would be engaged when displaying an expression of dislike by wrinkling the nose?
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Which of the following is a function of the platysma?
Which of the following is a function of the platysma?
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Study Notes
Superficial Neck Muscles
- The platysma muscle depresses the mandible, tenses the skin of the inferior face and neck.
- The sternocleidomastoid muscle flexes the neck, laterally flexes the neck, and rotates the head to the opposite side.
- The trapezius muscle extends the neck and laterally flexes the neck.
Anterior Cervical Region
- The anterior cervical region is further divided by muscles into smaller triangles.
- Muscles in this region aid in swallowing, speaking, and tongue movement.
Landmarks
- Hyoid: Hyo
- Tongue: Glosso
- Styloid process: Stylo
- Mandible: Mylo
- Chin: Genio
- Thyroid cartilage: Thyro
- Sternum: Sterno
Suprahyoid Muscles
- Suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid.
- Muscles include:
- Stylohyoid
- Mylohyoid
- Digastric
- Geniohyoid (not visible)
Infrahyoid Muscles
- Infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid/thyroid.
- All infrahyoid muscles are named from their inferior to superior attachment.
- Muscles include:
- Omohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Sternohyoid
Triangles of Anterior Cervical Region
- The anterior cervical region is divided into four main triangles:
- Submental triangle
- Submandibular triangle
- Carotid triangle
- Muscular triangle
Muscles of the Tongue
- Muscles of the tongue aid in swallowing, speaking, and tongue movement.
- Muscles include:
- Palatoglossus: elevates the posterior tongue
- Styloglossus: elevates, retracts the tongue
- Hyoglossus: depresses, retracts the tongue
- Genioglossus: depresses, protracts the tongue
Deep Anterior Neck
- Deep neck muscles attach to the crania and/or vertebrae.
- Muscles include:
- Longus capitis: flexes the head
- Longus colli: flexes the neck, rotates the head opposite during unilateral contraction
- Scalenes: flexes the head and neck, aids in forced inhalation by elevating ribs
Posterior Neck
- Muscles include:
- Rectus capitis posterior major: extends the head/neck
- Rectus capitis posterior minor: extends the head/neck
- Obliquus capitis superior: turns the head to the same side during unilateral contraction
- Obliquus capitis inferior: turns the head to the same side during unilateral contraction
- Splenius capitis: turns the head to the same side during unilateral contraction, extends the head and neck
Vertebra and Ribs
- Vertebrae protect the spinal cord and nerves.
- Vertebrae provide a rigid but flexible axis for the body.
- Vertebrae are involved in posture and locomotion.
Typical Vertebra
- Each vertebra has a body, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, seven processes, and an intervertebral foramen.
Pneumatized Bone
- Pneumatized bone is characterized by sinuses and air cells.
Muscles of the Face and Scalp
- Unique muscle tissues are responsible for facial expressions.
- Facial muscles are located within subcutaneous tissue and produce effects by pulling on the skin.
- Facial expression muscles are also involved in mastication.
Superficial Muscles of the Scalp and Neck
- The occipitofrontalis muscle has two main components:
- Frontal belly: moves the scalp and eyebrows, often associated with surprise
- Occipital belly: moves the scalp
- The platysma muscle depresses the mandible and tenses the skin of the inferior face and neck.
Muscles of Facial Expression - Eye
- The orbicularis oculi muscle closes the eye and assists with winking.
- The corrugator supercilii muscle pulls the eyebrow inferiorly and medially, often associated with concern.
Muscles of Facial Expression - Nose
- The procerus muscle moves and wrinkles the nose, associated with dislike.
- The nasalis muscle depresses the nose and elevates the corner of the nares, often associated with flaring nostrils.
Muscles of the Mouth - Lip Elevators
- The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle elevates the upper lip and the ala of the nose.
- The levator labii superioris muscle elevates the upper lip.
- The zygomaticus minor muscle elevates the upper lip.
- The zygomaticus major muscle elevates the angle of the mouth.
- The orbicularis oris muscle is responsible for actions such as kissing or pursing the lips.
- The risorius muscle pulls the lip laterally.
Muscles of the Mouth - Lip Depressors
- The depressor anguli oris muscle depresses the angle of the mouth.
- The depressor labii inferioris muscle depresses the lower lip.
- The mentalis muscle protrudes the lower lip and elevates the chin.
Muscles of Mastication
- The temporalis muscle elevates and retracts the mandible.
- The masseter muscle elevates and protracts the mandible.
- The lateral pterygoid muscle protracts the mandible and assists in side-to-side movements.
- The medial pterygoid muscle elevates and protracts the mandible and assists in side-to-side movements.
- The buccinator muscle compresses the cheeks.
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Description
Explore the anatomy of the superficial neck muscles and the anterior cervical region. This quiz covers key muscles, their functions, and important landmarks related to hyoid and infrahyoid muscles. Test your knowledge on the structure and significance of this region in human anatomy.
