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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of sunscreens?
Which type of sun care product is designed to be used after exposure to the sun?
What is the main positive effect of UV on the human body?
What is the purpose of labeling sunscreens as 'water-resistant' or 'very water-resistant'?
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What is a common side effect of tanning?
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Which type of skin condition can be helped by UV?
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What is the primary effect of UV on the skin?
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What is the purpose of after-sun preparations?
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What is the primary concern with UV radiation?
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What is the main role of UV in photoaging?
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Study Notes
Required Qualities and Characteristics of Sun Care Products
- Provide protection against both UVB and UVA radiation
- Be water-resistant
- Alleviate pain and sooth and moisturize the skin
- Provide a cooling effect
- Be non-odorous and non-sticky
- Be non-staining for skin or clothing
- Have a pleasant feeling during and after application
- Dry quickly and absorb easily after application
- Have easy spreadability
- Be user-friendly
- Be non-toxic, non-irritant, and non-sensitizing
Technical Qualities of Sun Care Products
- Have proven efficacy and/or performance
- Have long-term stability
- Have an appropriate texture
- Have appropriate rheological properties
- Be photostable
- Have dermatological safety
Additional Ingredients of Sunscreens
- (No specific details provided)
Product Forms
- After Sun Preparations (also known as sunburn preparations) used to hydrate the skin and soothe irritated, red, burnt skin
Typical Quality Problems of Sun Care Products
- Valve clogging
- Separation of emulsions
- Microbiological contamination
- Clumping
- Rancidification
Quality Parameters Generally Tested
- Spray characteristics (spray rate, spray pattern)
- Actuation force for aerosol cans
- Pressure test
- Stick hardness test through penetration test using penetrometer
- Pay-off and glide
Efficacy Parameters Generally Tested
- Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) performed in vivo, on human subjects
Sun Care Products Definition
- Personal care products designed to provide photoprotection against the harmful radiation of the sun, including both UVA and UVB radiations
SPF (Sun Protection Factor)
- Measures how long it takes for UV rays to redden protected skin (i.e., skin with sunscreen) compared to unprotected skin (i.e., skin without sunscreen)
- As the SPF value increases, sunburn protection increases
Factors that Influence how much UV Radiation we are Exposed to
- Geography
- Altitude
- Time of the year
- Time of the day
- Weather conditions
- Reflection
Factors that Influence the Amount of Solar Energy to which a Consumer is Exposed
- Skin type
- Amount of sunscreen applied
- Reapplication of sunscreen
Broad Spectrum Protection
- Protection against both UVA and UVB rays
- Required to prevent long-term effects
Water Resistance
- Products can be labeled as "water-resistant" or "very water-resistant" depending on how long they can retain the stated SPF after water immersion
UV and the Human Body
- Positive effect: related to vitamin D
- Negative effects: tanning, skin damage, accelerates aging, increases risk of skin cancer, linked with eye diseases and photoaging
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential qualities and characteristics of a sunscreen, including protection, moisturizing, and consumer needs.
