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Questions and Answers
What does qualified majority voting in the Council allow for?
What does qualified majority voting in the Council allow for?
What significant change did the co-decision procedure introduce in the European Parliament?
What significant change did the co-decision procedure introduce in the European Parliament?
Which position was created to coordinate the foreign policy of member states?
Which position was created to coordinate the foreign policy of member states?
Which event marked the last country to join the European Union as of 2013?
Which event marked the last country to join the European Union as of 2013?
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What prompted Great Britain's departure from the European Union in 2020?
What prompted Great Britain's departure from the European Union in 2020?
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What is the role of the European Council?
What is the role of the European Council?
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Who is the current President of the European Council?
Who is the current President of the European Council?
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How many Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are there?
How many Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are there?
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Which article of the TFEU outlines the procedures for the European Parliament's involvement in legislation?
Which article of the TFEU outlines the procedures for the European Parliament's involvement in legislation?
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Which statement accurately reflects the legislative process involving the European Parliament and the Council?
Which statement accurately reflects the legislative process involving the European Parliament and the Council?
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What is the main function of the European Commission within the legislative process?
What is the main function of the European Commission within the legislative process?
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Which group leads the European Parliament?
Which group leads the European Parliament?
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How often does the European Council meet?
How often does the European Council meet?
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What is the default voting mechanism used by the Council for most decisions?
What is the default voting mechanism used by the Council for most decisions?
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How many Council members must oppose a decision to form a blocking minority?
How many Council members must oppose a decision to form a blocking minority?
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What percentage of Council members is needed to support a special qualified majority decision?
What percentage of Council members is needed to support a special qualified majority decision?
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When is a unanimous decision required within the Council?
When is a unanimous decision required within the Council?
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What happens if the Council cannot reach an agreement on a proposal from the European Commission?
What happens if the Council cannot reach an agreement on a proposal from the European Commission?
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Which mechanism is used for decisions that are not considered important?
Which mechanism is used for decisions that are not considered important?
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What is required for a decision to achieve a qualified majority?
What is required for a decision to achieve a qualified majority?
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Why has achieving unanimous decisions in the Council become more challenging over time?
Why has achieving unanimous decisions in the Council become more challenging over time?
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What does the company seat principle aim to achieve in relation to creditors?
What does the company seat principle aim to achieve in relation to creditors?
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Why is the company seat principle deemed too strict?
Why is the company seat principle deemed too strict?
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What does the suffix 'Ltd.' indicate to creditors according to the Inspire Art case?
What does the suffix 'Ltd.' indicate to creditors according to the Inspire Art case?
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How does informing creditors about a company's legal structure help in protecting them?
How does informing creditors about a company's legal structure help in protecting them?
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What is a major consequence of the ECJ ruling in the Inspire Art case?
What is a major consequence of the ECJ ruling in the Inspire Art case?
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What is the main reason Clinique is prohibited from using its name for product sales?
What is the main reason Clinique is prohibited from using its name for product sales?
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Which of the following best describes the nature of the restriction against Clinique's product access?
Which of the following best describes the nature of the restriction against Clinique's product access?
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Is it justifiable to restrict Clinique’s use of its name based on public interest?
Is it justifiable to restrict Clinique’s use of its name based on public interest?
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What does the ECJ determine about the necessity of the restriction on Clinique?
What does the ECJ determine about the necessity of the restriction on Clinique?
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In the Bosman case, what was the main issue regarding the transfer fee?
In the Bosman case, what was the main issue regarding the transfer fee?
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What type of discriminatory measure does the quota on foreign players represent?
What type of discriminatory measure does the quota on foreign players represent?
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What was the context of Jean-Marc Bosman's situation?
What was the context of Jean-Marc Bosman's situation?
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How did UEFA's rules affect the movement of the player Bosman?
How did UEFA's rules affect the movement of the player Bosman?
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What is the justification for the transfer fee in player development?
What is the justification for the transfer fee in player development?
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What type of restriction is placed on foreign players regarding quotas?
What type of restriction is placed on foreign players regarding quotas?
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Under the ECJ ruling, why can the foreign players quota not be justified?
Under the ECJ ruling, why can the foreign players quota not be justified?
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What does the freedom to provide services allow a service provider to do?
What does the freedom to provide services allow a service provider to do?
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What is a criterion for determining whether a measure is a hindrance to the freedom of establishment?
What is a criterion for determining whether a measure is a hindrance to the freedom of establishment?
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How does the restriction to use a qualified attorney impact the patent application process?
How does the restriction to use a qualified attorney impact the patent application process?
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Is the restriction on non-German lawyers entering the German market considered discrimination?
Is the restriction on non-German lawyers entering the German market considered discrimination?
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What is the assessment regarding the necessity of the restriction on patent renewals?
What is the assessment regarding the necessity of the restriction on patent renewals?
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Study Notes
Summary of European Law
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The European Union (EU) currently has 27 member states.
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The EU has 24 official languages, with numerous (552) language combinations.
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Croatia joined the EU in 2013
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Countries that want to join may face restrictions, veto rights, or economic reasons.
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Turkey is an example of a country that wants to join but has political restrictions in doing so.
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Northern Cyprus is excluded due to not being fully incorporated into the EU legally.
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ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community (Expired in 2002)
- Purpose - To manage coal and steel businesses of the founding members
- Set up - Implemented by 6 initial members (Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Luxembourg).
- Limited time - Was to be effective for 50 years.
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Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
- Introduced a common currency (euro)
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Cooperation on Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)
- Coordinates regulations and policies on cross-border issues.
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EU Citizenship
- Introduced through the Treaty of Maastricht.
- Grants rights, freedoms, and protections to EU citizens.
Important Historical Events
- 1958
- European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) - Formed through the treaty of Rome.
- 1967
- Merger Treaty (Brussels Treaty) - Led to the establishment of a single council and single commission within the European Communities.
- 1968
- Customs Union - Agreement to abolish taxes between member-states and establish a common customs tariff policy.
- 1971
- Community's Own Resources: The EU established resources dedicated to governing its financial operations, including a stable and independent fund source.
- 1973
- First enlargement round (UK, Denmark, Ireland) joined the EU.
- Norway's choice not to join occurred due to a referendum.
- 1979
- Introduction to direct elections of European Parliament, Citizen's could now directly vote for their MEP's, members of the European Parliament.
- 1981
- Greece became a member of the EEC.
- 1985
- Schengen Agreement aimed to remove internal border controls for visa-free travel between participating countries.
- 1986
- Spain and Portugal joined the EEC.
- 1993
- Launch of the European Single market aiming to consolidate the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people.
- The Treaty of Maastricht (Treaty on European Union).
- Economic and Monetary Union (EMU): involved coordinating economic and monetary policies, implementing a common monetary policy, and a common currency (the euro).
- 1994
- Introduction of the European Economic Area (EEA) - Combined EFTA and EC members.
- 1995
- Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU.
- 1999
- Introduction of the Euro in 1999.
- 2003
- The Treaty of Nice.
- 2004
- Enlargement round - 10 countries joined the EU.
- 2007
- Romania and Bulgaria joined the EU.
- 2009
- The Treaty of Lisbon (Reform Treaty) - Replaced the EC (European Community) with the EU, with the intention of changing and adjusting the EU to fit the greater number of member states with better efficiency and structure.
- 2013
- Croatia joined the EU.
- 2020
- Great Britain left the EU (Brexit).
EU Institutions
- European Council - Composed of heads of state or government of EU member states, President of the European Council, and the President of the European Commission.
- European Parliament - Elected legislative body that represents EU citizens.
- European Commission - Executive branch proposing EU laws.
- Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) - Highest judicial authority, ensuring consistent EU law application.
- Court of Auditors - Responsible for auditing EU finances.
- European Central Bank (ECB) - Manages the Eurozone's monetary policy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on European law and the European Union with this quiz. Explore topics like EU membership, policies, and economic unions. Challenge yourself to understand the complexities and regulations governing Europe.
