European Union Law: Treaty on the Functioning

<p>Secondary law is derived from primary law and is based on the EU treaties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishes the EU's core values and principles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The TFEU is like a blueprint, providing detailed specifications for the EU's operation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legislative acts passed by the European Parliament and Council (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consolidated and simplified EU law, by replacing multiple treaties with a single document. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recommendations (D), Opinions (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulations are directly applicable, while Directives require transposition into national law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflict of Laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EU law is always superior to national law, regardless of their content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It established the principle of direct effect, allowing individuals to rely on EU law in national courts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A national labor law not meeting minimum EU standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) (B), Antitrust rulings against companies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The former involves a failure to inform the EU about transposition, while the latter involves improper transposition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eurosceptic citizens with strong national identities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The public is more likely to be Eurosceptic if political elites frame the EU negatively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme left and right political groups are more likely to oppose the EU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euroscepticism is strongly associated with political parties emphasizing nationalism and sovereignty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Italian Brothers of Italy (Giorgia Meloni) has moved from hard Euroscepticism to advocating for EU reform (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support for European identity over nationalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disagreement with the EU's focus on free trade and market liberalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to appeal to a broader base of voters who are primarily concerned about national identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting economic growth within existing member states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They affect national sovereignty and integration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used for internal policy adjustments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To shift decision-making from unanimity to qualified majority voting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are politically sensitive and can lead to national vetoes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was perceived as a threat to national sovereignty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential for economic instability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of countries joining the EU. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase Profitability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open/Restricted Online Consultations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade Unions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeking to manipulate data to support their claims (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizing public protests against a particular policy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lobbying groups may prioritize public awareness and member recruitment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental Groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different interest groups participate in different types of consultations based on policy areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How do voters' perceptions of EU policy affect their voting behaviour in EP elections? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voters are more likely to choose pro-EU candidates when they are aware of EU issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study's findings partially support the Second-Order Model, suggesting that uninformed voters rely on national factors, while informed voters consider EU policy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system where each European political group nominates a candidate for the Commission Presidency, and the group with the most seats in the EP chooses the President. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voters often don't recognize the Spitzenkandidaten candidates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The election had the highest turnout since 1994, indicating a possible stabilization of voter participation in EP elections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political ideology of the candidate in relation to EU policy positions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To nominate a candidate for the presidency of the European Commission, based on the outcome of negotiations between political groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, detailing EU operations.

To provide detailed rules on how the EU operates in specific policy areas.

Regulates policies like Single Market, Monetary Policy, Social Policy, Justice.

Specifies powers of the EU: exclusive, shared, and supporting.

Outlines ordinary and special legislative procedures.

Treaty on European Union, establishes principles and governance structure.

Highest legal authority in the EU, comprising the fundamental treaties.

TEU provides framework, TFEU provides detailed operational rules.

Opposition to treaty reforms due to concerns over national sovereignty.

Groups opposing deeper European integration, fearing loss of national control.

A process for minor internal adjustments without changing EU competences.

Allow shifts from unanimity to qualified majority voting without treaty changes.

A rule that requires all member states to agree for reforms to proceed.

Describes how treaty negotiations can take years to complete.

The process of new countries joining the EU, under specific criteria.

To enhance political influence, spur reforms, and stabilize regions.

Efforts to shape regulations and laws that impact groups.

Strategies to attract members or supporters to interest groups.

Efforts to gain media attention and legitimacy.

The choice between forming alliances or outcompeting rival groups.

Online dialogues where anyone can submit input, often driven by NGOs & citizens.

Direct lobbying of policymakers for influence.

Mobilizing public support through protests and media campaigns.

Choosing the most favorable arena for lobbying efforts.

Voter turnout is higher in Belgium due to compulsory voting and lower in Eastern Europe.

Turnout declined in the early 2000s but stabilized, with 2019 elections showing highest turnout since 1994 (51%).

Key variables predicting voter choice include left-right ideology, EU policy distance, and government performance.

More awareness of EU issues correlates with higher votes for pro-EU candidates.

A system introduced in 2014 for selecting the President of the European Commission through lead candidates from political groups.

Voters influence Commission leadership indirectly through party votes, with the European Council proposing the President.

Most voters do not recognize Spitzenkandidaten except in their own country; EU-wide debates have low visibility.

There is no legal obligation to follow the results of the Spitzenkandidaten, leading to criticisms of the system.

Binding in full and directly applicable in all EU member states.

Binding as to goals, requiring transposition into national law.

Binding in full but applies only to specific addressees.

Non-binding advisory guidelines issued by the EU.

EU law can be directly invoked by individuals in national courts.

EU law overrides conflicting national laws.

A member state fails to inform the EU about transposing a directive.

A directive is transposed incorrectly or partially into national law.

Explains how identity influences attitudes towards the EU; pro-EU citizens favor European identity, while Eurosceptics emphasize national identity.

Regions with economic struggles, like Southern Europe, often exhibit stronger Euroscepticism due to weakened trust in the EU.

Public opinions on the EU are often shaped by elites like politicians and media, especially when they frame it negatively.

Euroscepticism peaks at political extremes; radical left opposes neoliberalism, while radical right focuses on migration.

A framework that classifies parties on economic (interventionist vs. market-oriented) and cultural (progressive vs. conservative) dimensions.

Different political parties have varying stances on the EU, from strong opposition to support, depending on their ideological leanings.

Center-left and center-right parties generally support the EU, contrasting with extremist views.

Radical right parties increasingly frame their Euroscepticism around issues of migration and national sovereignty.