Summarizing Techniques for Academic Purposes

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of summarizing a text?

  • To analyze every detail in the text
  • To create a completely new narrative
  • To give a brief statement of the main points (correct)
  • To copy the original text verbatim

Which step should be taken to improve clarity in a summary?

  • Substitute general terms with specific terms (correct)
  • Add personal opinions about the text
  • Use the exact wording of the original text
  • Include as many details as possible

What should be deleted when creating a summary?

  • The author’s name
  • Key concepts from the original text
  • Essential ideas
  • Non-essential ideas (correct)

Why is it important to identify the topic sentence in a summary?

<p>It ensures the summary remains concise and focused (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information should be removed to avoid redundancy in a summary?

<p>Repeated ideas expressed in different ways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When summarizing, what must you be careful to avoid?

<p>Copying the original wording directly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How may the length of a summary vary?

<p>It can vary depending on the instructor's guidelines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the summarizing process?

<p>Erasing irrelevant details (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of writing a summary?

<p>To capture the essence and main idea of the material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended tip for writing a summary?

<p>Include personal opinions about the text (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does paraphrasing primarily involve?

<p>Rewording ideas while retaining original meaning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When paraphrasing, why is it important to keep the original meaning?

<p>To ensure the facts remain intact and accurate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using synonyms can help in paraphrasing by:

<p>Delivering clarity with different vocabulary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes effective ways to paraphrase?

<p>Use different sentence patterns while conveying the same meaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked after writing a summary draft?

<p>If it misrepresents the author's ideas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identifying which components is essential for a successful summary?

<p>Thesis, main arguments, and supporting details (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when changing the order of ideas in a sentence?

<p>Maintain the original meaning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best demonstrates a correct transformation of a complex sentence into shorter sentences?

<p>Experts attended the conference; it discussed future trends. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bibliographies, what essential information must be included?

<p>Authors' names, titles of works, and publisher information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should concrete points be formulated into more abstract statements?

<p>By summarizing key elements while ensuring the core message is preserved. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have a bibliography at the end of a paper?

<p>To provide necessary information for readers to locate cited sources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When shortening long sentences, what should be avoided?

<p>Compromising the integrity of the original message. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of modifying a sentence without altering its original intent?

<p>The delicious meal was prepared by the chef and enjoyed by guests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes a bibliography?

<p>A complete list of all sources used in the research process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the APA citation style?

<p>Includes the author’s name and year of publication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which style is most commonly used in the humanities?

<p>MLA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be included in a full bibliographic reference?

<p>Volume and issue number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formatting guideline is consistent for all texts in an academic essay?

<p>Double-space all text throughout the essay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the title page be located in an essay?

<p>On a new page separate from the essay text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which citation style is primarily used in Education, Psychology, and Science?

<p>APA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of citation in academic writing?

<p>To acknowledge sources and give credit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized citation style mentioned?

<p>IEEE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Summarizing

Giving a short statement of the main points of something.

Summary

A synthesis of key ideas from a text, in your own words (paraphrased).

Summarizing Rules

Steps to create a good summary: delete non-essentials, remove redundancy, substitute general for specific terms, and find the topic sentence or create one.

Delete non-essentials

Remove details, examples, or explanations not essential to the main ideas in a text.

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Erase Redundancy

Remove repetitive information that doesn't add new value in a text.

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Substitute General for Specific

Replace vague terms with exact or more specific ones to improve clarity.

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Topic Sentence

The sentence that usually expresses the main idea of a paragraph or text.

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Summarizing

Condensing a text to its main points in your own words.

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Topic Sentence

A sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph.

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Thesis

Central argument or claim in a longer piece of writing.

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Main Argument

Key idea presented to support the thesis.

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Supporting Details

Evidence used to back up main arguments.

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Paraphrasing

Expressing an idea in your own words, keeping the original meaning.

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Synonyms

Words with similar meanings, used in paraphrasing.

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Sentence Patterns

Varying sentence structures to paraphrase effectively.

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Bibliographical Reference

A complete list of sources used in a piece of writing, including author, title, journal, volume, issue, year, and page numbers; not found at end of article; describes article itself.

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APA Citation Style

American Psychological Association citation style; uses author-year system to track sources easily, widely used especially in education, psychology, and sciences.

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MLA Citation Style

Modern Language Association citation style; widely used in humanities (e.g., literature, languages), in North America, Brazil, China, India, Japan, etc.

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In-text Citation

Citing a source within the body of your text; gives credit to the source.

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Performance Task

An assignment requiring students to use skills and knowledge, often using a specific format.

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Reputable Online Sources

Credible online news sources for gathering information.

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Changing Idea Order

Rearranging the order of ideas in a sentence without altering the original meaning.

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Reordered Sentences

Example of sentence restructuring to maintain the core message but change sentence structure.

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Cutting Long Sentences

Breaking down long sentences into shorter ones to enhance clarity, holding the original meaning.

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Shorter Nouns

Transforming long sentences into concise sentences, by using shorter nouns and phrases to clearly express a similar concept.

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Abstract Statements

Converting concrete and detailed statements into more general and conceptual statements.

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Bibliography

A list of sources used in research, including books, articles, and websites.

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Citations

Specific details from a source in written research, which are included in the bibliography

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Works Cited

Another name for a bibliography, commonly used in research papers and presentations.

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Bibliography Placement

A bibliography should appear at the end of a document. It is crucial for readers to be able to find the information for the texts you referenced.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course title: English for Academic and Professional Purposes
  • School: MCA Montessori School
  • Location: #10 Adevoso Street, AFPOVAI Phase 4, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, Philippines
  • Teacher: Aimie Joied Sangalang

Summarizing

  • Brief statement of main points
  • Synthesis of key ideas, paraphrased, not copied
  • Useful for academic assignments and everyday situations

How to Summarize

  • Identify the author of the original text
  • Synthesize the author's key ideas
  • State the information neutrally
  • Follow instructor's directions on length

Rules in Summarizing

  • Delete non-essential ideas
  • Eliminate redundant information
  • Replace general terms with specific ones
  • Identify the topic sentence or create one if missing

Summarizing - Deleting Non-Essential Ideas

  • Remove details, examples, and explanations that do not contribute to main ideas
  • Keep core message and important points
  • Leave out redundant or overly specific information

Summarizing - Erasing Redundant Information

  • Remove repetitive ideas or information
  • Information restated in different ways doesn't add new value
  • Makes summary more concise and clear

Summarizing - Substituting General Terms with Specific Terms

  • Replace vague or overly broad terms with precise or specific ones
  • Make the summary more accurate and helpful for readers
  • Give concrete examples

Summarizing - Identifying the Topic Sentence

  • Find the main idea of the paragraph or text
  • Topic sentences generally express the main idea
  • If no topic sentence, create one by summarizing the key point

Tips in Writing a Summary

  • Read the material multiple times to understand
  • Take notes on main points
  • Ensure you've included the thesis, main arguments, and supporting details for each sentence
  • Write the first draft of the summary
  • Review to ensure all major concepts are included and accurate understanding
  • Incorrect concepts should be corrected or omitted

Example of Summarizing

  • Original text summarizes how American engineering disciplines have dramatically changed
  • Engineering curricula now focus heavily on science and technology
  • Rapidly developing economies like China and India have far more traditional engineers
  • Output is declining whereas other countries keep production up

One-Paragraph Summary

  • The 2008 MIT faculty newsletter article, written by a Professor, expresses concern with the current state of American engineering education
  • Fewer students are concentrating in traditional areas of engineering, focusing instead on high technology
  • Other nations graduate more traditionally trained engineers than America, causing a major deficit

Paraphrasing

  • Expresses the meaning of something with different words, improving clarity
  • Presents ideas in one's own words, acknowledging the source
  • Demonstrates comprehension of information

Ways to Paraphrase a Text

  • Use synonyms for words in the original text
  • Vary sentence patterns without changing meaning (e.g., simple to complex sentences)
  • Change the order of ideas without altering the original meaning
  • Cut long sentences into shorter ones

MLA and APA Styles

  • Two significant and prevalent citation methods
  • MLA (Modern Language Association): Widely used in humanities
  • APA (American Psychological Association): Commonly used in education, psychology, and science

Basic Formatting for Books

  • Author's last name, initials (Year).
  • Title of work (Capital letters for title).
  • Location: Publisher.

Edited Book, No Author

  • Example: Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

Edited Book with an Author or Authors

  • Example: Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

A Translation

  • Example: Laplace, P.S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F.W. Truscott & F.L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814)

Articles in Periodicals, Magazines, and Newspapers

  • Basic forms for different types of publication

Online Sources

  • Format for citing online articles and web pages

Electronic Books

  • Format for citing electronic books

APA vs MLA

  • Summarizes differences in citation styles (in-text citations, title of reference list, Author's name)

Capitalization in Titles

  • Tips for proper capitalization of source titles (titles, headings)

In-Text Citation

  • Illustrating how to correctly cite sources in a text (APA and MLA styles)

Activity Time!

  • Instructions for a performance task related to summarizing news articles
  • Sources are ABS-CBN News, GMA News, Inquirer.net or Philstar.com
  • Task is to summarize/paraphrase and cite sources appropriately using MLA or APA style

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