Sumerian Civilization Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What calendar reform did Caesar introduce during his rule?

  • Julian Calendar (correct)
  • Gregorian Calendar
  • Lunar Calendar
  • Copernican Calendar
  • Who did the leading senators initially endorse as the less harmful to their cause?

  • Octavian
  • Lepidus
  • Caesar
  • Pompey (correct)
  • What title was Caesar given during his rule?

  • Emperor
  • Censor
  • Consul
  • Dictator (correct)
  • Who formed the second triumvirate after Caesar's death?

    <p>Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the battle between Octavian's fleet and the combined navies of Antony and Cleopatra?

    <p>Antony and Cleopatra's navies were crushed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the paterfamilias in Roman society?

    <p>The paterfamilias was the head of the household and had full authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the relationship between the patricians and plebeians in Roman society?

    <p>The patricians were the upper class and the plebeians were the lower class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Seneca's view on the treatment of slaves in Roman society?

    <p>Seneca believed slaves should be treated humanely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the civil war between Caesar and Pompey?

    <p>Caesar defeated Pompey and his allies, gaining control of the Roman government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sumerian Civilization (3500 – 2340 BCE)

    • Sumerians mixed with farming people, leading to the growth of city-states in Southern Mesopotamia, known as Sumer
    • Sumerians believed in polytheism, building ziggurats as homes for their gods
    • Cuneiform was their system of record-keeping, using baked clay
    • Sumerians established schools that trained boys in art, mainly for sons of upper-class professionals

    Mesopotamian Society and Culture

    • Mesopotamia had written laws, advances in mathematics and astronomy, and widespread trade
    • The Code of Hammurabi dealt with community, religion, irrigation, military service, crime, business, and family relations

    Egyptian Civilization (Lasted 3,000 Years)

    • Egypt depended on the Nile River, with the Nile's silt building up a triangular delta
    • Egyptians believed in many gods, including animal worship
    • Inspector-spies, known as the "Eyes and the Ears of the king," monitored the people

    Persian Religion and Empire

    • Zoroaster, a Persian religious teacher, introduced a new religion in the sixth century
    • Ahura Mazda, the wise Lord, represented truth, goodness, and light, while Ahriman was the evil spirit
    • Zoroastrianism became the official religion of the Persian Empire

    Greek City-States

    • Greeks lived in small, independent city-states, often at war with one another
    • Greek city-states were the cradle of Western civilization
    • Minoans built magnificent palaces that housed royal families, priests, and government officials
    • Mycenaeans ruled Crete and mainland Greece, borrowing from Minoan civilization

    Greek Ideals and Culture

    • Greeks valued excellence, encouraging the development of many talents
    • Greeks believed in moderation, a life of balance between extremes
    • Poets expressed Greek ideals, with poetry playing a key part in expressing the Greek view of life
    • Pindar and Sappho were famous poets, with Sappho establishing a school of music and singing for wealthy young women

    Greek Drama and Theater

    • Poetry developed into drama, with Thespis being the first person to appear on stage as an actor
    • Athenian ruler Pisistratus sponsored the first drama festival in 534 B.C.
    • Three greatest writers of Greek tragedy were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides
    • The Parthenon was a temple to Athena, built in 447 B.C.

    Greek Art

    • Greek art was a significant part of Aegean culture
    • Artemis was the great Olympian goddess of hunting, wilderness, and wild animals
    • Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation
    • The bronze Boxer of Quirinal was a significant Hellenistic Greek sculpture

    Science, Philosophy, and Rome

    • Mesopotamians and Egyptians took the first steps toward creating science
    • Philosophy originated from the Greek word "love of wisdom"
    • Thales, Pythagoras, and Democritus were ancient Greek scientists and philosophers
    • Julius Caesar was the "Dictator for Life" who introduced the Julian Calendar
    • Octavian's victory marked the end of the Roman Republic

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the ancient Sumerian civilization which existed from 3500 to 2340 BCE. Learn about Cylinder Seals, City States, Polytheism, Ziggurats, and Cuneiform writing system.

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