Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides Quiz: Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Options

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

Slows gastric emptying and suppresses glucagon secretion

Mimic the effects of incretin hormones

Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (correct)

Increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion

Which drug class is indicated for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to insulin?

Incretin Mimetics

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

Amylin Analogues (correct)

Thiazolidinediones

What are the common side effects of Incretin Mimetics?

Nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis (correct)

Upper respiratory tract infections, headache

Hypoglycemia, nausea

Edema, weight gain, increased risk of heart failure

How are Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors administered?

Orally, usually once daily Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class stimulates insulin release and inhibits glucagon secretion by mimicking incretin hormones?

Incretin Mimetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Amylin Analogues?

Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion, and reduces appetite Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is commonly associated with Thiazolidinediones?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

How do Incretin Mimetics affect the body?

Mimic the effects of incretin hormones to stimulate insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of administration for Amylin Analogues?

Subcutaneous injection Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the rare but serious side effect of lactic acidosis?

Biguanides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?

Stimulate insulin release similar to sulfonylureas but with a shorter duration of action Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically taken with the first bite of each main meal?

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Gastrointestinal disturbances (flatulence, diarrhea) Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the side effect of weight gain?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for biguanides?

Typically taken with meals Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the side effect of hypoglycemia and weight gain?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class decreases hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral glucose uptake?

Biguanides Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of administration for Meglitinides?

Orally before meals Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class inhibits the absorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal tract?

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonylureas?

Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically associated with the rare but serious adverse drug reaction of lactic acidosis?

Biguanides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors?

With the first bite of each main meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with meglitinides?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the rare but serious side effect of pancreatitis?

Incretin Mimetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?

Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically taken with the first bite of each main meal?

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is indicated for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to insulin?

Amylin Analogues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for biguanides?

Orally, usually once daily Signup and view all the answers

How do Incretin Mimetics affect the body?

Stimulate insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion by mimicking incretin hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the rare but serious adverse drug reaction of lactic acidosis?

Biguanides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?

Stimulates insulin release similar to sulfonylureas but with a shorter duration of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors?

Taken with the first bite of each main meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for biguanides?

Typically taken with meals Signup and view all the answers

How do Incretin Mimetics affect the body?

Suppress glucagon secretion and slow gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

Activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) to improve insulin sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Gastrointestinal disturbances (flatulence, diarrhea) Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is indicated for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to insulin?

Incretin Mimetics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antidiabetic drug classes is associated with the adverse drug reaction of increased risk of heart failure?

Thiazolidinediones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for Incretin Mimetics?

Subcutaneous injection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antidiabetic drug classes increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues?

Thiazolidinediones Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with Amylin Analogues?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion?

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class typically causes nausea and vomiting as common side effects/adverse drug reactions?

Incretin Mimetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors?

Inhibit DPP-4 enzyme to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically administered orally, usually once daily, and is associated with upper respiratory tract infections as a common side effect/adverse drug reaction?

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for Amylin Analogues?

Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjunct to insulin) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for Amylin Analogues?

Subcutaneous injection Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically associated with the rare but serious adverse drug reaction of lactic acidosis?

Thiazolidinediones Signup and view all the answers

How do Amylin Analogues affect the body?

Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion, and reduces appetite Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug class typically causes nausea and vomiting as common side effects/adverse drug reactions?

Incretin Mimetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors?

Upper respiratory tract infections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, Biguanides, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Thiazolidinediones, Incretin Mimetics, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors are various classes of medications used to manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Greatly detailed summaries for each class:
Sulfonylureas: Indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, stimulate insulin release by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels, side effects include hypoglycemia, weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances, typically taken orally before meals, examples include glyburide, glipizide, and glimepiride.
Meglitinides: Similar to sulfonylureas, stimulate insulin release but with a shorter duration of action, indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain, usually taken before meals, examples include repaglinide and nateglinide.
Biguanides: Decrease hepatic glucose production and increase peripheral glucose uptake, indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, side effects include gastrointestinal upset and lactic acidosis, typically taken with meals, examples include metformin.
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Inhibit carbohydrate absorption, indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, taken with the first bite of each main meal, examples include acarbose and miglitol.
Thiazolidinediones: Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, side effects include edema, weight gain, and increased risk of heart failure, orally taken usually once daily, examples include pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.
Incretin Mimetics: Mimic the effects of incretin hormones, stimulate insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion, indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, side effects include nausea, vomiting, and pancreatitis, administered by subcutaneous injection, examples include exenatide and liraglutide.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: Increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion, indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, side effects include upper respiratory tract infections and headache, orally taken usually once daily, examples include sitagliptin and saxagliptin.
Amylin Analogues: Slows gastric emptying, suppress glucagon secretion, and reduce appetite, indicated for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to insulin, side effects include hypoglycemia and nausea, administered by subcutaneous injection, examples include pramlintide.

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Explore the indications, mechanisms of action, side effects, and administration methods of sulfonylureas and meglitinides used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Learn about their generic names and their role in stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.

Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides in Type 2 Diabetes

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

Which drug class is indicated for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to insulin?

What are the common side effects of Incretin Mimetics?

How are Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors administered?

Which drug class stimulates insulin release and inhibits glucagon secretion by mimicking incretin hormones?

What is the mechanism of action of Amylin Analogues?

Which side effect is commonly associated with Thiazolidinediones?

How do Incretin Mimetics affect the body?

What is the method of administration for Amylin Analogues?

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the rare but serious side effect of lactic acidosis?

What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically taken with the first bite of each main meal?

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Which antidiabetic drug class stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels?

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the side effect of weight gain?

What is the primary method of administration for biguanides?

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the side effect of hypoglycemia and weight gain?

Which antidiabetic drug class decreases hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral glucose uptake?

What is the method of administration for Meglitinides?

Which antidiabetic drug class inhibits the absorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonylureas?

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically associated with the rare but serious adverse drug reaction of lactic acidosis?

What is the primary method of administration for Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors?

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with meglitinides?

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the rare but serious side effect of pancreatitis?

What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically taken with the first bite of each main meal?

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Which antidiabetic drug class is indicated for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to insulin?

What is the primary method of administration for biguanides?

How do Incretin Mimetics affect the body?

Which antidiabetic drug class is associated with the rare but serious adverse drug reaction of lactic acidosis?

What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?

What is the primary method of administration for Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors?

What is the primary method of administration for biguanides?

How do Incretin Mimetics affect the body?

What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Which antidiabetic drug class is indicated for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to insulin?

Which of the following antidiabetic drug classes is associated with the adverse drug reaction of increased risk of heart failure?

What is the primary method of administration for Incretin Mimetics?

Which of the following antidiabetic drug classes increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues?

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with Amylin Analogues?

Which antidiabetic drug class inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion?

Which antidiabetic drug class typically causes nausea and vomiting as common side effects/adverse drug reactions?

What is the mechanism of action of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors?

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically administered orally, usually once daily, and is associated with upper respiratory tract infections as a common side effect/adverse drug reaction?

What is the indication for Amylin Analogues?

What is the primary method of administration for Amylin Analogues?

Which antidiabetic drug class is typically associated with the rare but serious adverse drug reaction of lactic acidosis?

How do Amylin Analogues affect the body?

Which antidiabetic drug class typically causes nausea and vomiting as common side effects/adverse drug reactions?

What is the common side effect/adverse drug reaction associated with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors?

Study Notes

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