Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis and Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Increased levels of resistin
  • Oxidative stress
  • High levels of adiponectin (correct)
  • Subclinical inflammation

    • What is the main pathological process that leads to the development of hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Insulin resistance followed by insulinopenia (correct)
  • Oxidative stress in muscle tissue
  • Hypersecretion of insulin by beta cells
  • Subclinical inflammation in adipose tissue

    • What is the primary cause of beta cell apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Insulitis
  • Glucotoxicity from hyperglycemia (correct)
  • Amyloid deposits in islets
  • Decreased incretin effect

    • In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, what happens to beta cell function over time?

    <p>Beta cell function deteriorates due to apoptosis and lipotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of incretins in the regulation of insulin secretion?

    <p>Enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to beta cell failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by inducing apoptosis?

    <p>Elevated free fatty acids (FFAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of beta cell loss in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human leukocyte antigen (HLA) accounts for 60% of the risk for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>HLA DR3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is NOT associated with the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main genetic factor contributing to the risk of developing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>CTLA4 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the prediabetic stage of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Insulitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a protective role against the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>HLA DQB1-0602</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Trigger T-cell mediated autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following HLA types is considered a major risk factor for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>DR3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Destroy beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pathological changes in the prediabetic stage of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus primarily involve?

    <p>T-cell infiltration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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