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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis and Mechanisms

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis and Mechanisms

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Increased levels of resistin

Oxidative stress

High levels of adiponectin (correct)

Subclinical inflammation

What is the main pathological process that leads to the development of hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Insulin resistance followed by insulinopenia (correct)

Oxidative stress in muscle tissue

Hypersecretion of insulin by beta cells

Subclinical inflammation in adipose tissue

What is the primary cause of beta cell apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Insulitis

Glucotoxicity from hyperglycemia (correct)

Amyloid deposits in islets

Decreased incretin effect

In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, what happens to beta cell function over time?

Beta cell function deteriorates due to apoptosis and lipotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of incretins in the regulation of insulin secretion?

Enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to beta cell failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by inducing apoptosis?

Elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of beta cell loss in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Autoimmune destruction Signup and view all the answers

Which human leukocyte antigen (HLA) accounts for 60% of the risk for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

HLA DR3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is NOT associated with the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Influenza virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main genetic factor contributing to the risk of developing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

CTLA4 gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the prediabetic stage of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Insulitis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a protective role against the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

HLA DQB1-0602 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Trigger T-cell mediated autoimmune response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following HLA types is considered a major risk factor for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

DR3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Destroy beta cells Signup and view all the answers

What do pathological changes in the prediabetic stage of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus primarily involve?

T-cell infiltration. Signup and view all the answers