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What is a key psychological risk factor for suicidal behavior?
What is a key psychological risk factor for suicidal behavior?
Which sociological theory describes suicide due to a lack of integration into society?
Which sociological theory describes suicide due to a lack of integration into society?
Which of the following is a community risk factor for suicide?
Which of the following is a community risk factor for suicide?
What type of suicidal behavior is likely to occur after a significant life change, such as a divorce?
What type of suicidal behavior is likely to occur after a significant life change, such as a divorce?
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Which risk factor is associated with an increased likelihood of suicidal behavior due to societal impacts?
Which risk factor is associated with an increased likelihood of suicidal behavior due to societal impacts?
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A possible behavioral clue indicating suicidal intent may include:
A possible behavioral clue indicating suicidal intent may include:
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What is the primary focus of altruistic suicide in sociological terms?
What is the primary focus of altruistic suicide in sociological terms?
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Which factor is NOT considered a relationship risk factor for suicide?
Which factor is NOT considered a relationship risk factor for suicide?
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What demographic has the highest suicide rate according to recent statistics?
What demographic has the highest suicide rate according to recent statistics?
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Which of the following is a psychological theory that may predispose individuals to suicide?
Which of the following is a psychological theory that may predispose individuals to suicide?
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What best describes the Three Step Theory in relation to suicide?
What best describes the Three Step Theory in relation to suicide?
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Which age group is the second-leading cause of death due to suicide among Americans?
Which age group is the second-leading cause of death due to suicide among Americans?
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What individual risk factor is associated with an increased likelihood of future suicide attempts?
What individual risk factor is associated with an increased likelihood of future suicide attempts?
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What is true about the success rate of suicide attempts between genders?
What is true about the success rate of suicide attempts between genders?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to individual risk factors for suicide?
Which factor does NOT contribute to individual risk factors for suicide?
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Which risk factor is particularly highlighted for adolescents?
Which risk factor is particularly highlighted for adolescents?
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What is an example of a direct statement indicating suicidal thoughts?
What is an example of a direct statement indicating suicidal thoughts?
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Which factor is crucial in analyzing a suicidal crisis?
Which factor is crucial in analyzing a suicidal crisis?
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Which behavior is classified as self-injurious?
Which behavior is classified as self-injurious?
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Which of the following is NOT a demographic factor relevant to assessing suicide risk?
Which of the following is NOT a demographic factor relevant to assessing suicide risk?
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What is one of the recommended approaches when interacting with someone who is suicidal?
What is one of the recommended approaches when interacting with someone who is suicidal?
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What should be removed from the environment of a person considering suicide?
What should be removed from the environment of a person considering suicide?
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What symptom would indicate a higher risk for a suicidal crisis?
What symptom would indicate a higher risk for a suicidal crisis?
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Which of the following statements is considered an indirect indication of suicidal feelings?
Which of the following statements is considered an indirect indication of suicidal feelings?
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What should be done first if children are present during a suicidal crisis?
What should be done first if children are present during a suicidal crisis?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of suicidal thoughts in children and adolescents?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of suicidal thoughts in children and adolescents?
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What is a primary nursing diagnosis for a client exhibiting suicidal behavior?
What is a primary nursing diagnosis for a client exhibiting suicidal behavior?
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What action is crucial when establishing a safe environment for a suicidal client?
What action is crucial when establishing a safe environment for a suicidal client?
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Which treatment guideline is important to implement with suicidal clients?
Which treatment guideline is important to implement with suicidal clients?
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What is a common sign that may indicate suicidal thoughts in older adults?
What is a common sign that may indicate suicidal thoughts in older adults?
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What should family and friends do if they suspect someone may be suicidal?
What should family and friends do if they suspect someone may be suicidal?
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Which behavior is NOT typically associated with suicidal thoughts in individuals?
Which behavior is NOT typically associated with suicidal thoughts in individuals?
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What is a key reason safety contracts are generally not recommended for nurses?
What is a key reason safety contracts are generally not recommended for nurses?
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In which situation should safety contracts particularly be avoided?
In which situation should safety contracts particularly be avoided?
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What is one major difference between safety plans and safety contracts?
What is one major difference between safety plans and safety contracts?
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What should be discouraged when discussing the suicide of someone with family and friends?
What should be discouraged when discussing the suicide of someone with family and friends?
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Why is it important to listen to feelings of guilt among suicide victims' loved ones?
Why is it important to listen to feelings of guilt among suicide victims' loved ones?
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Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a safety plan?
Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a safety plan?
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At what critical time should a safety plan be reassessed?
At what critical time should a safety plan be reassessed?
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Which action is recommended when supporting someone at risk of suicide?
Which action is recommended when supporting someone at risk of suicide?
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What is the primary purpose of a safety contract?
What is the primary purpose of a safety contract?
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What should be included when identifying supportive people in a safety plan?
What should be included when identifying supportive people in a safety plan?
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Which of the following statements about removing lethal means is true?
Which of the following statements about removing lethal means is true?
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Which of these is an example of employing internal coping strategies?
Which of these is an example of employing internal coping strategies?
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How should professionals react to a client expressing suicidal thoughts?
How should professionals react to a client expressing suicidal thoughts?
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Study Notes
Suicide Prevention
- Suicide is not a disorder, but a behavior.
- It is the second leading cause of death among Americans aged 10-24 and 25-44 and the eighth leading cause for 45-64.
- The highest suicide rate occurs in the 45-64 age group.
Predisposing Factors: Theories of Suicide
- Psychological Theories:
- Anger turned inward
- Hopelessness
- History of aggression and violence
- Shame and humiliation
- Sociological Theories:
- Durkheim's three categories of suicide: egoistic, altruistic, and anomic
- Joiner's interpersonal-psychological theory with the three-step theory: pain, hopelessness, and lack of connectedness leading to an attempt only if capacity is present.
Biological Theories
- Genetics
- Neurochemical factors
Risk Factors
- Individual Risk Factors:
- Previous suicide attempts (usually get worse)
- Marital status changes (women attempt more often, men succeed more)
- Financial strain
- History of depression/other mental illnesses
- Serious illnesses (chronic pain)
- Criminal/legal problems
- Job/financial problems
- Impulsive/aggressive tendencies
- Substance use/misuse
- Adverse childhood experiences
- Sense of hopelessness
- Violence victimization/perpetration
- Adolescent Risk Factors:
- Impulsive and high-risk behaviors
- Untreated mood disorders (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder)
- Access to lethal means (e.g., firearms)
- Substance abuse
- Relationship Risk Factors:
- Bullying
- Family/loved one's history of suicide
- Loss of relationships
- High-conflict/violent relationships
- Social isolation
- Community Risk Factors:
- Lack of access to healthcare
- Suicide clusters in the community
- Stress of acculturation
- Community violence
- Historical trauma
- Discrimination
- Psychological Risk Factors:
- Mood disorders
- Substance use disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Anorexia nervosa
- Borderline personality disorder
- Anxiety disorders
- Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Societal Risk Factors
- Stigma associated with help-seeking for mental illness.
- Easy access to lethal means among at-risk people
- Unsafe media portrayals of suicide.
Nursing Process: Assessment
- Suicidal Ideas/Acts/Behaviors:
- Giving away possessions
- Getting financial affairs in order
- Writing suicide notes
- Sudden mood shifts
- Direct and indirect verbal clues (e.g., "I want to die," "this is the last time you'll see me")
- Self-injurious behaviors: head banging, biting, cutting, burning, self-hitting
Analysis of Suicidal Crisis
- Precipitating stressors: adverse life events, depression in combination with other risk factors, loss of a loved one, problems in major relationships, serious physical illness.
- Relevant history: Past experiences of failures or rejections.
- Life-stage issues: Inability to tolerate losses, struggles with developmental tasks (e.g., adolescence, midlife, old age).
Interacting With People Who Are Suicidal
- Acknowledge and accept feelings.
- Offer hope (temporary nature of feelings).
- Stay present with them.
- Show love/encouragement.
- Help seek professional support.
- Remove harmful objects.
Suicidal Thoughts in Children/Adolescents & Older Adults
- Children/Adolescents: hopelessness, withdrawal from activities, changes in eating/sleeping, mood swings.
- Older Adults: wanting to die, feeling hopeless, no reason to live, trapped, extreme mood swings, increased substance use, withdrawal from social activities.
Guidelines for Treatment of Suicidal Clients
- Safety plans
- No-suicide contracts
- Establish rapport
- Encouragement and expression of feelings.
- Discuss the current crisis situation.
- Identifying areas of self-control.
- Direct and matter-of-fact communication about suicide,
- Support systems.
- Schedule appointments.
Essential components of a safety plan
- Recognizing warning signs
- Identifying internal coping mechanisms
- Identifying support systems
- Identifying resources for crisis support
Critical times for reassessment of risk
- Change in clinical presentation/worsening symptoms
- Medication or treatment changes
- Significant others' concerns
- Cessation of treatment
Safety contracts/no-harm contracts
- Involve client accountability
- Generally not recommended in short-term situations
- Not suitable for agitated, impulsive or psychotic clients
Interventions with Family & Friends of Suicide Victims
- Encourage open communication about suicide.
- Avoid blaming/scapegoating.
- Acknowledge feelings of guilt/self-persecution.
- Address personal relationships with the victim.
- Recognize differences in styles of grieving.
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Description
Explore the critical topic of suicide prevention, which is a major concern for various age groups. This quiz delves into the psychological, sociological, and biological theories associated with suicide, as well as the risk factors involved. Test your understanding and learn more about this pressing issue.
