Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Cognitive Triad consist of?
What does the Cognitive Triad consist of?
- Neutral views about oneself, others, and the future
- Positive views about oneself, others, and the future
- Negative views about oneself, others, and the future (correct)
- Negative views only about the self
Which of the following describes irrational thinking as identified by Albert Ellis?
Which of the following describes irrational thinking as identified by Albert Ellis?
- Focusing on positive outcomes regardless of evidence
- Logical reasoning leading to emotional clarity
- Accepting failure as an inevitable outcome
- Unrealistic demands leading to emotional turmoil (correct)
What is a characteristic of automatic thoughts in cognitive theory?
What is a characteristic of automatic thoughts in cognitive theory?
- They are carefully considered beliefs
- They are always positive
- They occur randomly without prior triggers
- They are flash negative thoughts that occur automatically (correct)
Learned helplessness is associated with which type of attribution?
Learned helplessness is associated with which type of attribution?
Which factor is NOT considered a key environmental cause of depression?
Which factor is NOT considered a key environmental cause of depression?
Which of the following best describes a psychological trigger of depression?
Which of the following best describes a psychological trigger of depression?
Which of the following plays a role in mood dysregulation?
Which of the following plays a role in mood dysregulation?
What is a potential effect of increased melatonin levels in individuals susceptible to seasonal depression?
What is a potential effect of increased melatonin levels in individuals susceptible to seasonal depression?
Which psychological factor is not commonly associated with the onset of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder?
Which psychological factor is not commonly associated with the onset of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder?
According to cognitive theories, what primarily contributes to the persistence of depression?
According to cognitive theories, what primarily contributes to the persistence of depression?
The Cognitive Triad proposed by Aaron Beck includes negative thinking towards which of the following?
The Cognitive Triad proposed by Aaron Beck includes negative thinking towards which of the following?
What cognitive error involves drawing negative conclusions based on insufficient evidence?
What cognitive error involves drawing negative conclusions based on insufficient evidence?
How do depressed individuals typically process information regarding emotions?
How do depressed individuals typically process information regarding emotions?
What are automatic thoughts in the context of depression?
What are automatic thoughts in the context of depression?
Which aspect of irrational thinking, as per Albert Ellis, is likely to disrupt emotional stability?
Which aspect of irrational thinking, as per Albert Ellis, is likely to disrupt emotional stability?
Which of the following is NOT a psychological trigger of depression?
Which of the following is NOT a psychological trigger of depression?
What is the concept of 'demandingness' as described by Ellis?
What is the concept of 'demandingness' as described by Ellis?
What is a consequence of learned helplessness as postulated by Seligman?
What is a consequence of learned helplessness as postulated by Seligman?
Which of the following best describes the 'stable versus unstable' causes in attribution theory?
Which of the following best describes the 'stable versus unstable' causes in attribution theory?
Ellis believed that unrealistic demands primarily lead to what emotional condition?
Ellis believed that unrealistic demands primarily lead to what emotional condition?
How does learned helplessness contribute to depression through negative thinking?
How does learned helplessness contribute to depression through negative thinking?
Which aspect of irrational thinking can result from the concept of demandingness?
Which aspect of irrational thinking can result from the concept of demandingness?
What role do attributions play in the context of learned helplessness?
What role do attributions play in the context of learned helplessness?
Which of the following best illustrates a 'stable' attribution for a failure?
Which of the following best illustrates a 'stable' attribution for a failure?
In the context of emotional distress, what is a potential danger of unrealistic expectations?
In the context of emotional distress, what is a potential danger of unrealistic expectations?
Flashcards
Cognitive Triad
Cognitive Triad
Negative views about self, others, and future, a key concept in Beck's Cognitive Therapy.
Thinking Errors
Thinking Errors
Cognitive distortions that lead to negative thinking patterns, e.g., arbitrary conclusions or selective attention.
Irrational Thinking (Ellis)
Irrational Thinking (Ellis)
Emotional distress results from unrealistic demands on oneself or others.
Learned Helplessness
Learned Helplessness
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Stable Attribution
Stable Attribution
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Global Attribution
Global Attribution
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Environmental Causes of Mental Illness
Environmental Causes of Mental Illness
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Demand
Demand
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Attribution
Attribution
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Stable cause
Stable cause
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Unstable cause
Unstable cause
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Emotional Distress
Emotional Distress
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Behavioral Dysfunction
Behavioral Dysfunction
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Reinforcements
Reinforcements
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Negative thinking
Negative thinking
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Seasonal Depression Cause
Seasonal Depression Cause
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Bipolar Disorder Triggers
Bipolar Disorder Triggers
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Cognitive Theories of Depression
Cognitive Theories of Depression
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Arbitrary Inferences
Arbitrary Inferences
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Selective Negative Filtering
Selective Negative Filtering
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Information Processing in Depression
Information Processing in Depression
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Automatic Thoughts
Automatic Thoughts
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Study Notes
Suicide
- Suicide is defined as an intentional act of ending one's life due to mental anguish, pain, or despair.
- Suicide is a negative outcome of mental disorders, particularly depression. It's not a disorder itself, though suicidal behavior is being considered for classification in the DSM-5.
- Multiple factors often contribute to suicidal thoughts or actions, not just one single cause.
- Experiencing suicidal thoughts is not necessarily an indicator of having a diagnosable mental illness.
- Mental illnesses, psychological dysfunction, and recent life events can all be contributing factors.
- Examples include: losses in earlier life, stressful events, mood and thought changes, alcohol or drug use, and mental disorders.
- The person experiencing suicidal thoughts often feels their pain is unbearable.
- Suicide is not a sign of moral weakness or a character flaw.
Etiological Factors of Bipolar and Related Disorders
- Bipolar disorder is highly heritable, supported by twin studies.
- Genetic models don't fully explain the timing of manic symptoms.
- Other factors trigger symptoms, like specific life events or conditions.
- Genes linked to serotonin and norepinephrine imbalance, with depression showing low norepinephrine and serotonin, and mania showing high norepinephrine and dopamine, low serotonin.
- Hormonal factors like cortisol (stress hormone) and melatonin (darkness hormone) are linked to depression.
- Seasonal changes affecting sunlight and melatonin levels can also contribute.
Psychological Factors in Depression
- Early life losses and other negative life events are common triggers.
- Emotional instability or neuroticism
- Negative cognitive styles can influence depressive episodes.
- Lack of rewards or social support plays a role.
- Negative thoughts about oneself, others, and future (cognitive triad).
- Errors in thinking, like arbitrary conclusions or selectively focusing on negative details.
- Automatic thoughts, negative thoughts that immediately appear in response to a trigger.
Irrational Thinking (Albert Ellis)
- Irrational beliefs and unrealistic demands can contribute to psychological problems.
- Example: "I need to succeed or I am a failure."
Learned Helplessness (Seligman)
- A belief that one has no control over outcomes, often stemming from past negative experiences.
- Attributions are how people explain events.
- Stable (permanent) vs. unstable (temporary) causes.
- Global (relevant to many life domains) vs. specific (limited to one area) causes.
- Example: "I failed the test because I'm bad at tests" (global and stable)
Environmental Causes
- Negative life events, lack of social support, and family criticism contribute to the likelihood of depression.
- Factors include abuse, mental stress, significant losses, or other trauma.
- Genetics may need an environmental trigger to activate conditions like bipolar disorder.
- Poor social skills can increase depression risk.
Key Reminders
- Depression and bipolar disorder can involve intertwined biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
- Early intervention, support, and treatment are key to managing these conditions effectively.
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Description
This quiz explores the complex relationship between suicide and mental health disorders, particularly focusing on bipolar disorder. It examines the various factors that contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, clarifying misconceptions surrounding mental illness. Understand the critical aspects of mental health and how they relate to suicide risk.
