Suicidal Evaluation with SADPERSONS Scale
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Questions and Answers

What is the score range for a high risk assessment in the SADPERSONS scale?

  • 7-10 (correct)
  • 11-15
  • 0-4
  • 5-6

    • Which of the following is a relative contraindication for Electroconvulsive therapy (ECTs)?

  • Severe depressive disorder
  • Valvular heart diseases (correct)
  • Psychotic depression
  • Treatment resistant mania

    • What is the mechanism of action of ECTs in releasing neurotransmitters?

  • Decrease in permeability of the blood-brain barrier
  • Modulation of neurotransmitter receptors such as GABA only
  • Release of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine (correct)
  • Increase in acetylcholine release

    • What is a common side effect of ECTs?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that decreases seizure threshold in ECTs?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of phototherapy in depression treatment?

    <p>Seasonal affective disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many yes/no questions are used to calculate the SADPERSONS score?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare side effect of ECTs?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical seasonal pattern for depressive symptoms in patients with a specific disorder?

    <p>Winter seasons with decreased daytime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred treatment for depressed patients at high risk of suicide?

    <p>ECT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills?

    <p>Significant impairment in one or more scholastic skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subtype of learning disorder characterized by frequent spelling mistakes, errors in grammar and punctuation, and poor handwriting?

    <p>Disorder of written expression (specific spelling disorder)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of lux used in phototherapy for the treatment of depression?

    <p>1500-10,000 lux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the combination of impairment in reading, writing, and arithmetic skills?

    <p>Mixed disorders of scholastic skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the SADPERSONS scale?

    <p>To evaluate the risk of suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an indication for Electroconvulsive therapy (ECTs)?

    <p>Mild anxiety disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ECTs on acetylcholine release?

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare but serious complication of ECTs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of ECTs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of seizures during ECTs?

    <p>Less than 1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of phototherapy in depression treatment?

    <p>Seasonal affective disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that increases the seizure threshold in ECTs?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the management of depressed patients?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive treatment approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child is diagnosed with a specific reading disorder. What is the most likely impairment in this child?

    <p>Impairment in reading comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature that distinguishes specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills from other developmental disorders?

    <p>Impairment out of proportion to intellectual functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with a specific disorder experiences depressive symptoms during winter seasons. What is the likely cause of these symptoms?

    <p>Decreased daylight hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of phototherapy in the treatment of depression?

    <p>To expose the patient to bright light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child is diagnosed with a mixed disorder of scholastic skills. What is the most likely characteristic of this disorder?

    <p>Impairment in multiple scholastic skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the SADPERSONS scale in suicidal evaluation?

    <p>To identify the risk of suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of ECTs that is related to memory?

    <p>Retrograde amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of ECTs that increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for ECTs in patients with depression?

    <p>Severe depressive disorder that does not respond to antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of phototherapy in depression treatment?

    <p>Treatment of seasonal affective disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of old age on seizure threshold in ECTs?

    <p>Increases seizure threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with ECTs in patients with valvular heart disease?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of patients with a seasonal affective disorder?

    <p>Depressive symptoms during winter seasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using phototherapy in the management of depressive symptoms in patients with a specific disorder?

    <p>To compensate for decreased daytime during winter seasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child with a specific developmental disorder of scholastic skills may have which of the following associated problems?

    <p>Emotional disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills from other developmental disorders?

    <p>Significant impairment in one or more scholastic skills out of proportion to intellectual functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a specific reading disorder?

    <p>Slow reading speed and difficulty in comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of combining pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the management of depressed patients?

    <p>To reduce the severity of depressive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a specific developmental disorder characterized by impairment in reading, writing, and arithmetic skills?

    <p>Mixed disorder of scholastic skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    SADPERSONS Scale for Suicidal Evaluation

    • The SADPERSONS scale is used to assess suicide risk, with 10 yes/no questions, each scoring 1 point for affirmative answers.
    • The score is then mapped to a risk assessment scale:
      • 0-4: Low risk
      • 5-6: Medium risk
      • 7-10: High risk

    Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECTs)

    • Indications for ECTs:
      • Severe depressive disorder unresponsive to antidepressants
      • Life-threatening depressive illness (high suicide risk)
      • Stupor or catatonia
      • Marked psychomotor retardation
      • Psychotic depression
      • Treatment-resistant mania
      • Treatment-resistant schizophrenia
    • Relative contraindications:
      • Raised intracranial pressure
      • Myocardial infarction
      • Valvular heart diseases
      • Aneurysm
      • Recent stroke
      • Severe peptic ulcer (increased risk of aspiration)
    • Mechanism of action:
      • Release of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine, with reduction of acetylcholine release
      • Increase in blood-brain barrier permeability
      • Modulation of neurotransmitter receptors (e.g., GABA, acetylcholine)
    • Side effects:
      • Common: headache, muscle pain, jaw pain, drowsiness, loss of recent memories (retrograde amnesia), anterograde amnesia
      • Less common: prolonged seizures, confusion, anesthesia complications, arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, and aspiration pneumonia
    • Factors affecting seizure threshold:
      • Increase: old age, male gender, baldness, Paget's disease, dehydration, previous ECT, and benzodiazepine treatment
      • Decrease: caffeine, low CO2 saturation, hyperventilation, and ECT

    Phototherapy for Depression

    • Primarily used for seasonal affective disorders (mood disorder with seasonal pattern)
    • Involves exposure to bright light (1500-10,000 lux or more)
    • Often used in combination with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy

    Learning Disorders (Specific Developmental Disorders of Scholastic Skills)

    • Characterized by significant impairment in one or more scholastic skills, out of proportion to intellectual functioning
    • Subtypes include:
      • Specific reading disorder (dyslexia): impaired reading performance, with errors, slow reading speed, or comprehension difficulties
      • Disorder of written expression (specific spelling disorder): frequent spelling mistakes, errors in grammar and punctuation, and poor handwriting
      • Specific disorder of arithmetic skills: impaired arithmetic skills
      • Mixed disorders of scholastic skills: impairment in reading, writing, and arithmetic combined
    • Associated problems may include inattention, hyperactivity, and emotional disturbances

    SADPERSONS Scale for Suicidal Evaluation

    • The SADPERSONS scale is used to assess suicide risk, with 10 yes/no questions, each scoring 1 point for affirmative answers.
    • The score is then mapped to a risk assessment scale:
      • 0-4: Low risk
      • 5-6: Medium risk
      • 7-10: High risk

    Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECTs)

    • Indications for ECTs:
      • Severe depressive disorder unresponsive to antidepressants
      • Life-threatening depressive illness (high suicide risk)
      • Stupor or catatonia
      • Marked psychomotor retardation
      • Psychotic depression
      • Treatment-resistant mania
      • Treatment-resistant schizophrenia
    • Relative contraindications:
      • Raised intracranial pressure
      • Myocardial infarction
      • Valvular heart diseases
      • Aneurysm
      • Recent stroke
      • Severe peptic ulcer (increased risk of aspiration)
    • Mechanism of action:
      • Release of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine, with reduction of acetylcholine release
      • Increase in blood-brain barrier permeability
      • Modulation of neurotransmitter receptors (e.g., GABA, acetylcholine)
    • Side effects:
      • Common: headache, muscle pain, jaw pain, drowsiness, loss of recent memories (retrograde amnesia), anterograde amnesia
      • Less common: prolonged seizures, confusion, anesthesia complications, arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, and aspiration pneumonia
    • Factors affecting seizure threshold:
      • Increase: old age, male gender, baldness, Paget's disease, dehydration, previous ECT, and benzodiazepine treatment
      • Decrease: caffeine, low CO2 saturation, hyperventilation, and ECT

    Phototherapy for Depression

    • Primarily used for seasonal affective disorders (mood disorder with seasonal pattern)
    • Involves exposure to bright light (1500-10,000 lux or more)
    • Often used in combination with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy

    Learning Disorders (Specific Developmental Disorders of Scholastic Skills)

    • Characterized by significant impairment in one or more scholastic skills, out of proportion to intellectual functioning
    • Subtypes include:
      • Specific reading disorder (dyslexia): impaired reading performance, with errors, slow reading speed, or comprehension difficulties
      • Disorder of written expression (specific spelling disorder): frequent spelling mistakes, errors in grammar and punctuation, and poor handwriting
      • Specific disorder of arithmetic skills: impaired arithmetic skills
      • Mixed disorders of scholastic skills: impairment in reading, writing, and arithmetic combined
    • Associated problems may include inattention, hyperactivity, and emotional disturbances

    SADPERSONS Scale for Suicidal Evaluation

    • The SADPERSONS scale is used to assess suicide risk, with 10 yes/no questions, each scoring 1 point for affirmative answers.
    • The score is then mapped to a risk assessment scale:
      • 0-4: Low risk
      • 5-6: Medium risk
      • 7-10: High risk

    Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECTs)

    • Indications for ECTs:
      • Severe depressive disorder unresponsive to antidepressants
      • Life-threatening depressive illness (high suicide risk)
      • Stupor or catatonia
      • Marked psychomotor retardation
      • Psychotic depression
      • Treatment-resistant mania
      • Treatment-resistant schizophrenia
    • Relative contraindications:
      • Raised intracranial pressure
      • Myocardial infarction
      • Valvular heart diseases
      • Aneurysm
      • Recent stroke
      • Severe peptic ulcer (increased risk of aspiration)
    • Mechanism of action:
      • Release of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine, with reduction of acetylcholine release
      • Increase in blood-brain barrier permeability
      • Modulation of neurotransmitter receptors (e.g., GABA, acetylcholine)
    • Side effects:
      • Common: headache, muscle pain, jaw pain, drowsiness, loss of recent memories (retrograde amnesia), anterograde amnesia
      • Less common: prolonged seizures, confusion, anesthesia complications, arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, and aspiration pneumonia
    • Factors affecting seizure threshold:
      • Increase: old age, male gender, baldness, Paget's disease, dehydration, previous ECT, and benzodiazepine treatment
      • Decrease: caffeine, low CO2 saturation, hyperventilation, and ECT

    Phototherapy for Depression

    • Primarily used for seasonal affective disorders (mood disorder with seasonal pattern)
    • Involves exposure to bright light (1500-10,000 lux or more)
    • Often used in combination with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy

    Learning Disorders (Specific Developmental Disorders of Scholastic Skills)

    • Characterized by significant impairment in one or more scholastic skills, out of proportion to intellectual functioning
    • Subtypes include:
      • Specific reading disorder (dyslexia): impaired reading performance, with errors, slow reading speed, or comprehension difficulties
      • Disorder of written expression (specific spelling disorder): frequent spelling mistakes, errors in grammar and punctuation, and poor handwriting
      • Specific disorder of arithmetic skills: impaired arithmetic skills
      • Mixed disorders of scholastic skills: impairment in reading, writing, and arithmetic combined
    • Associated problems may include inattention, hyperactivity, and emotional disturbances

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    Description

    This quiz evaluates the risk of suicide using the SADPERSONS scale which considers factors such as depression, substance abuse, and social support. The score is mapped to a risk assessment scale to determine the level of risk.

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