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Sugar Derivatives

Created by

@WonderfulFluorite6742

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Questions and Answers

What happens to a carbon atom in some sugar derivatives?

It forms an ether linkage with another sugar

It forms an ester linkage with a fatty acid

It is oxidized to a carboxyl group (correct)

It is reduced to an aldehyde group

What is the result of the formation of an ester linkage between the C-1 carboxylate group and the C-5 hydroxyl group of a sugar?

A disaccharide is formed

A lactone is formed (correct)

A glycoprotein is formed

A nucleotide sugar is formed

What is the function of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in biology?

They are components of mammalian glycoproteins

They are components of the bacterial cell wall (correct)

They are involved in the metabolism of fatty acids

They are involved in the synthesis of ATP

What type of bond is formed when a hydroxyl group in a sugar is replaced with an -NH2 group?

Amino sugar formation Signup and view all the answers

What type of charge does an acidic sugar have at neutral pH?

Negative charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of replacing a hydroxyl group with an -NH2 group in a hexose?

Formation of an amino sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the common modification of hexoses in metabolic pathways?

Phosphorylation on hydroxyl groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of acidic sugars?

Presence of a carboxylate group Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of N-acetylneuraminic acid and fucose in biology?

Components of oligosaccharide chains of mammalian glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of substituting -H for -OH in a sugar?

Formation of a deoxy sugar Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sugar Derivatives

Hydroxyl groups in parent compounds can be replaced with other substituents or oxidized to form carboxyl groups
Hexoses in metabolic pathways are commonly phosphorylated on hydroxyl groups

Amino Sugars

One -OH group in the parent hexose is replaced with a -NH2 group
Examples: N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, which are components of the bacterial cell wall

Deoxy Sugars

Produced by substituting -H for -OH in the parent hexose

Acidic Sugars

Contain a carboxylate group, which confers a negative charge at neutral pH
Examples: N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) and fucose, components of the oligosaccharide chains of mammalian glycoproteins

Lactones

Formed through an ester linkage between the C-1 carboxylate group and the C-5 hydroxyl group of the sugar

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Description

This quiz covers various sugar derivatives, including phosphorylated hexoses, amino sugars, deoxy sugars, acidic sugars, and lactones. Learn about the structural modifications that occur in these derivatives and their properties.