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Questions and Answers
What happens to a carbon atom in some sugar derivatives?
What happens to a carbon atom in some sugar derivatives?
What is the result of the formation of an ester linkage between the C-1 carboxylate group and the C-5 hydroxyl group of a sugar?
What is the result of the formation of an ester linkage between the C-1 carboxylate group and the C-5 hydroxyl group of a sugar?
What is the function of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in biology?
What is the function of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in biology?
What type of bond is formed when a hydroxyl group in a sugar is replaced with an -NH2 group?
What type of bond is formed when a hydroxyl group in a sugar is replaced with an -NH2 group?
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What type of charge does an acidic sugar have at neutral pH?
What type of charge does an acidic sugar have at neutral pH?
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What is the result of replacing a hydroxyl group with an -NH2 group in a hexose?
What is the result of replacing a hydroxyl group with an -NH2 group in a hexose?
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What is the common modification of hexoses in metabolic pathways?
What is the common modification of hexoses in metabolic pathways?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of acidic sugars?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acidic sugars?
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What is the function of N-acetylneuraminic acid and fucose in biology?
What is the function of N-acetylneuraminic acid and fucose in biology?
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What is the result of substituting -H for -OH in a sugar?
What is the result of substituting -H for -OH in a sugar?
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Study Notes
Sugar Derivatives
- Hydroxyl groups in parent compounds can be replaced with other substituents or oxidized to form carboxyl groups
- Hexoses in metabolic pathways are commonly phosphorylated on hydroxyl groups
Amino Sugars
- One -OH group in the parent hexose is replaced with a -NH2 group
- Examples: N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, which are components of the bacterial cell wall
Deoxy Sugars
- Produced by substituting -H for -OH in the parent hexose
Acidic Sugars
- Contain a carboxylate group, which confers a negative charge at neutral pH
- Examples: N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) and fucose, components of the oligosaccharide chains of mammalian glycoproteins
Lactones
- Formed through an ester linkage between the C-1 carboxylate group and the C-5 hydroxyl group of the sugar
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Description
This quiz covers various sugar derivatives, including phosphorylated hexoses, amino sugars, deoxy sugars, acidic sugars, and lactones. Learn about the structural modifications that occur in these derivatives and their properties.
