Substance Use Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of opioid intoxication?

  • Slurred speech
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Increased pain sensitivity (correct)
  • Seizures
  • What is a common route of administration for opioids?

  • Inhaled or eaten only
  • Orally only
  • Injected, smoked, or snorted (correct)
  • Sublingually only
  • Which of the following effects is most likely associated with a low dose of cannabis?

  • Altered perceptions (correct)
  • Increased heart rate
  • Hallucinations
  • Extreme paranoia
  • Which of the following withdrawal symptoms is NOT associated with cannabis?

    <p>Loss of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes mild, moderate, and severe cannabis use disorders?

    <p>Duration of symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common experience of hallucinogen use, particularly with LSD?

    <p>Altered perceptions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a recognized type of disorder within the category of hallucinogens?

    <p>Chronic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common effect of inhalants?

    <p>Rapid absorption into the bloodstream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential danger of using anabolic steroids?

    <p>Physical and psychological problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a major feature of gambling disorder?

    <p>Preoccupation with gambling activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of treatment for substance-related disorders?

    <p>Gradual decrease in substance use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of treatment is associated with pairing inappropriate use with negative stimuli?

    <p>Aversion therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of behavioral addictions?

    <p>Physical withdrawal symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy involves mindfulness and acceptance strategies?

    <p>Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of substance use disorder?

    <p>Compulsive use that interferes with functioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a stimulant?

    <p>Alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from severe overuse of depressants?

    <p>Death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common withdrawal symptom from alcohol?

    <p>Sweating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of tolerance in substance use?

    <p>Need for larger amounts of the drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychoactive drug is primarily used to reduce anxiety and promote sleep?

    <p>Benzodiazepines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates mild from severe alcohol use disorder?

    <p>The number of criteria met (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of caffeine on the body?

    <p>Stimulates the cerebral cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible consequences of nicotine use?

    <p>Increased pain tolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom indicates a potential stimulant use disorder?

    <p>Consistent cravings for the substance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of opioid use?

    <p>Relief from pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common criterion for diagnosing substance use disorders?

    <p>Experiencing tolerance or withdrawal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes an alcohol intoxication symptom?

    <p>Impaired memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is marijuana primarily classified in terms of substance use?

    <p>Hallucinogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Opioid Intoxication

    A state of poisoning caused by opioids like morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone, leading to nervous system suppression, loss of consciousness, and potentially death.

    Opioid Withdrawal

    Unpleasant symptoms like increased pain sensitivity, cravings, nausea, sweating, and gastrointestinal distress that occur when opioid use is stopped.

    Opioid Use Disorder

    A condition involving repeated opioid use despite negative consequences, requiring at least 2 symptoms, like unsuccessful efforts to stop and craving opioids.

    Cannabis Intoxication

    A state of being under the influence of Cannabis, showing various effects from mood changes to altered perceptions and physical changes.

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    Cannabis Withdrawal

    Unpleasant symptoms including insomnia, restlessness, irritability, and flu-like symptoms when cannabis use is stopped.

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    Cannabis Use Disorder

    Problematic cannabis use, marked by unsuccessful attempts to quit, preoccupation, and negative consequences, needing at least 2 of the listed criteria.

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    Hallucinogens

    Substances that alter consciousness and distort perceptions, often used for cultural or spiritual purposes.

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    LSD Intoxication

    A state of intoxication from LSD, causing unpredictable perceptual changes and hallucinations.

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    Inhalants

    Substances inhaled to achieve intoxication, such as aerosol paints or hair products.

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    Gambling Disorder

    Persistent gambling causing problems with livelihood and well-being, characterized by trying to win back lost money and lying about gambling behavior.

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    Biological Model (Substance Use)

    Explains substance use disorders by the role of genetics, neurotransmitter systems, and reward circuits.

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    Cognitive-Behavioral Model (Substance Use)

    Explains substance use disorders as learned behaviors reinforced by pleasure and avoidance/relief.

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    Sociocultural Model(Substance Use)

    Explains substance use disorders by social and cultural factors, including societal views, and family/friend influences.

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    Psychoactive Drugs

    Chemicals that change behavior, mood, thoughts, or consciousness.

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    Substance Use Disorder

    Compulsive drug use or craving that disrupts daily life (school, work, social).

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    Tolerance

    Needing more of a drug over time to get the same effect.

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    Withdrawal

    Unpleasant symptoms when stopping drug use.

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    Dependence

    Continuously needing the drug to avoid withdrawal.

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    Depressants

    Drugs that slow down the nervous system.

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    Alcohol Intoxication

    Negative effect of excessive alcohol, slowing down the brain and body.

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    Alcohol Withdrawal

    Unpleasant symptoms when stopping alcohol use, ranging from mild to severe.

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    Alcohol Use Disorder

    Problems controlling alcohol use and experiencing negative feelings when not drinking.

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    Stimulants

    Drugs that speed up the nervous system.

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    Caffeine Intoxication

    Harmful effects from too much caffeine.

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    Opioids

    Pain relievers that slow down the nervous system.

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    Binge Drinking (Males)

    5 or more drinks in 2 hours.

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    Binge Drinking (Females)

    4 or more drinks in 2 hours.

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    Sedative-Hypnotic-Anxiolytic-Related Disorders

    Problems controlling the use of drugs that calm or put you to sleep (tranquilizers, barbiturates).

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    Study Notes

    Substance Use Disorders Overview

    • Psychoactive drugs alter behavior, mood, thoughts, or consciousness. Examples include tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and caffeine.
    • Many of these drugs are used recreationally.
    • The mechanism of action (MOA) describes how these drugs work, categorized as depressants, stimulants, or hallucinogens.
    • Substance use disorder involves compulsive use or craving that interferes with daily functioning.
    • Tolerance is the increased need for more of a drug over time.
    • Withdrawal involves aversive symptoms when stopping a drug.
    • Dependence is when the drug must be taken continuously to avoid withdrawal.
    • Key signs of a substance use disorder include: taking larger amounts for longer periods than intended, strong urges to use, unsuccessful attempts to cut back, significant time spent obtaining/using/recovering, trouble with responsibilities, continued use despite relationship problems, giving up activities due to use, developing tolerance, experiencing withdrawal, and sustained use despite physical or psychological problems.
    • Potential factors leading to substance use disorder include social pressure, curiosity, performance enhancement, emotional escape. Progression often follows a pattern: experimental, occasional, heavy use, then possible disorder.

    Depressants

    • Depressants reduce nervous system activity. Severe overuse can be fatal.
    • Depressants are most associated with withdrawal, tolerance, and dependence. Common examples are alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, and anxiolytics.

    Alcohol

    • Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream and impacts the central nervous system. Initial stimulation can be followed by depressant effects; the liver metabolizes alcohol at about ¼ ounce per hour.
    • Heavy alcohol use slows the central nervous system, decreasing control of bodily functions like breathing and gag reflex.
    • Alcohol withdrawal can range from mild (sweating, nausea) to very serious (hallucinations, seizures, delirium tremens (DTs)).
    • Alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves impaired control over drinking amounts and frequency; negative emotional states occur when not drinking.
    • AUD is often called alcoholism and can pose health and safety risks. Binge drinking (5+ drinks within 2 hours for men; 4+ for women) is a common pattern.

    AUD Criteria

    • At least two of the following for at least 12 months: increased drinking, unsuccessful attempts to stop, significant time spent obtaining alcohol, craving alcohol, missed responsibilities, continued use despite problems, risky use, tolerance/withdrawal. AUD is categorized as mild, moderate, or severe.

    AUD Risk Factors

    • Regular drinking habits, early start, family history, depression, mental health concerns, trauma, bariatric surgery, and social/cultural factors.

    Sedative-Hypnotics & Anxiolytics

    • Sedatives (barbiturates) and sedative-hypnotics and Tranquilizers (benzodiazepines) are used for insomnia and similar conditions
    • Both groups cause a calming effect, but benzodiazepines are safer than barbiturates.
    • Use of both can be abused and produce withdrawal symptoms and impact GABA receptors.
    • Intoxication signs include reduced blood pressure/heart rate, slurred speech, lack of coordination, and impaired attention/memory.
    • Withdrawal signs include agitation, anxiety, nausea, insomnia, and potentially seizures.

    Stimulants

    • Stimulants increase nervous system activity. Small doses can enhance alertness, but higher doses can lead to psychosis, convulsions, or death.
    • Common stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine.

    Caffeine

    • A recommended daily dose is 400mg.
    • Caffeine stimulates the cerebral cortex, boosting energy and alertness.
    • Caffeine effects can last up to 4 hours, and while moderate doses affect sleep, higher doses can cause anxiety and digestive problems. Reducing caffeine should occur slowly.

    Tobacco Use Disorder

    • Nicotine is a stimulant in tobacco that increases energy, pain tolerance, alertness, and reduces anxiety, hunger, and anger. It can damage lungs and cause medical conditions such as COPD.

    Cocaine and Methamphetamine

    • Cocaine is a powerful, natural stimulant that increases dopamine, leading to increased energy and euphoria. Long-term use can lead to depression, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions.
    • Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that increases dopamine as well. Long-term effects include severe itching, "meth mouth," and cognitive/emotional problems.

    Opioids

    • Opioids relieve pain and reduce nervous system activity, causing initial tingling and warmth. Examples include morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone.
    • Opioid intoxication involves nervous system suppression, loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, and potentially death.
    • Opioid withdrawal increases pain sensitivity, causes cravings, nausea, sweating, and gastrointestinal distress.

    Cannabis

    • Cannabis sativa contains THC, a psychoactive substance whose effects can vary.
    • Cannabis has aspects of stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. It is consumed orally or inhaled.
    • Cannabis intoxication involves changes in mood, altered perceptions, and possible hallucinations, depending on the dosage.
    • Cannabis withdrawal can include insomnia, restlessness, irritability, flu-like symptoms, and gastrointestinal problems.

    Hallucinogens

    • Hallucinogens or psychedelics distort conscious experiences. Examples include LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) and PCP (phencyclidine).
    • LSD ingestion can involve powdered or pill forms and causes unpredictable sensory effects and hallucinations.
    • PCP use is typically via snorting, injecting, or smoking and produces feelings of power and body distortion, but high doses can cause flat mood, talkativeness, slow reaction, and muscle weakness.

    Other Drugs of Abuse

    • Inhalants (aerosol paints) absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream and cause damage to organs.
    • Anabolic steroids are prescribed for medical reasons but can be misused for muscle-building.
    • Dissociative anesthetics (e.g., ketamine) cause out-of-body experiences, sleepiness, reduced pain, and potentially unconsciousness.
    • MDMA (ecstasy) induces euphoria, reduced anxiety and intimacy, but can cause increased tolerance.
    • GHB is a depressant, used for anxiety and relaxation, but also impairs memory and can be used for sexual assault.

    Behavioral Addiction: Gambling Disorder

    • Gambling disorder involves problematic gambling, negatively impacting livelihoods and well-being. It often includes tolerance (needing increasing stakes for excitement) and behaviors like lying to conceal extent of gambling.

    Models and Treatments of Substance Use Disorders

    • Biological Models: Genetic factors and neurotransmitter systems are implicated, with reward circuits and dopamine significant. Detoxification is an initial step, followed by gradual reduction and, if necessary, relapse prevention medications.
    • Cognitive-Behavioral Models: Operant conditioning and reinforcement play a role in disorder development. Treatments focus on modifying thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with substance use (e.g., aversion therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy).
    • Sociocultural Models: Sociocultural factors like cultural norms, peer influence, and societal attitudes towards substances affect substance use. Treatments often involve individuals and communities and include support groups.

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    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of substance use disorders, focusing on the impact of psychoactive drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and caffeine. It covers key concepts including the mechanism of action, tolerance, withdrawal, and the signs of dependence. Test your knowledge on the nature of substance use and its effects on daily life.

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