Substance Use Disorders Overview

A specific situation that triggers a relapse in addiction or problematic behaviour. It is characterized by potent cues that increase the risk of returning to the addictive behaviour.

An attribution style that explains a relapse as a result of internal, stable, and global factors. Often associated with negative emotions like guilt and shame.

An isolated instance of engaging in an addictive behaviour despite trying to abstain. It is temporary and does not necessarily indicate a full-blown relapse.

A significant recurrence of addictive behaviour lasting for a prolonged period. It represents a return to the previous pattern of substance use or problematic behaviour.

Refers to the use of various techniques to help individuals cope with high-risk situations and make choices that promote abstinence. It involves training individuals in coping mechanisms and decision-making strategies.

A set of changes in a person's personality, behaviour, and willpower attributed to chronic alcohol use. Initially proposed by Benjamin Rush, it suggested a hereditary component to alcoholism.

A historical movement advocating for the moderation or complete abstinence from alcohol. It was fueled by the scientific understanding of the detrimental effects of alcohol abuse.

A 19th-century physician who provided the first systematic description of the physiological damage caused by alcohol. His work contributed greatly to understanding alcoholism as a disease.

Freud's theory suggests that alcoholism arises from unresolved oral dependency during childhood, reflecting neurotic conflicts, underlying psychosis, and castration anxiety. Treatment involves bringing these unconscious motivations to the conscious level.

This theory assumes that alcoholism is a disease, stemming from delayed psychosexual development and unconscious motivations. Treatment focuses on moderating alcohol consumption, not necessarily complete abstinence.

This therapy aims to create a negative association between alcohol and unpleasant stimuli, like nausea or vomiting. While effective for motivated individuals, it can have unwanted side effects.

These communities provide a supportive environment for people with addiction. Through active participation in interactions and discussions, individuals gain a deeper understanding of their condition.

This model emphasizes the dynamic interaction between the individual, the drug, and the social context. It considers how societal norms, perceptions, and cultural interpretations influence both drug use and perceptions of users.

This model investigates how the cost of an addictive substance, social norms, risk perception, and cultural environment influence the frequency and widespread use of drugs.

This model focuses on the individual's experiences and social practices within their cultural context. It examines the discourse and behaviors surrounding drug use, recognizing that the effects of a substance cannot be separated from its cultural meanings.

This approach recognizes that society often isolates and stigmatizes individuals with deviant behavior, including substance use. This can lead to social alienation and push individuals towards marginalized urban environments.

A category of disorders characterized by problematic patterns of substance use, leading to significant impairment or distress. At least two criteria must be met within a 12-month period.

One of the two groups of substance-related disorders, characterized by patterns of substance use that lead to significant problems. Includes symptoms like cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal.

One of the two groups of substance-related disorders, characterized by disorders caused by substances, not by the pattern of use. Includes conditions like substance intoxication, withdrawal, and substance-induced mental disorders.

A state in which the criteria for a substance use disorder have not been met for at least 3 months, but less than 12 months.

A state in which the criteria for a substance use disorder have not been met for at least 12 months.

The ability to adapt well to difficult situations or stress, rather than a fixed trait.

Factors that increase the probability of someone engaging in substance use or addictive behavior.

Factors that decrease the probability of someone engaging in substance use or addictive behavior.

A type of risk factor that relates to overall societal or environmental conditions like changes in drug laws or availability.

A type of risk factor that relates to personal experiences or immediate surroundings like family dynamics or peer pressure.

A model that acknowledges biological, psychological, and social factors as contributing to addiction.

The belief that someone's biological makeup, such as their genes or brain structure, is solely responsible for their addiction.

The belief that addiction is a moral failing or a character flaw, and that people are fully responsible for their own addiction.

The idea that addiction is an inevitable consequence of exposure to certain substances or situations, leading to a sense of helplessness.

The interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors is crucial in understanding both the development and recovery of addiction.

DSM-5 consolidated the two separate categories of substance abuse and substance dependence from DSM-IV-TR into a single diagnosis called "substance use disorder".

In DSM-5, the criteria for a substance use disorder are based on 11 criteria that apply to all substances, rather than separate sets of criteria for abuse and dependence like in DSM-IV-TR.

DSM-5 acknowledges a continuum of severity in substance use disorders. It categorizes them as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria met.

A craving is a strong desire or urge to use a substance, even in the absence of physical withdrawal symptoms. It was explicitly recognized as a criterion for substance use disorder in DSM-5.

DSM-5 focuses on the functional impact of substance use on a person's life, including their work, relationships, and overall health.

Non-substance-related disorders in DSM-5 include mental health conditions that do not involve substance use but can lead to significant problems in a person's life. They often involve addictive or compulsive behaviors.

Non-substance-related disorders often involve behaviors or activities that can become problematic and impact one's life, such as gambling, shopping, or internet use.

DSM-5 shifted away from a categorical approach to substance use disorders and towards a more continuous approach, recognizing nuances in addiction and severity levels.

DSM-5 eliminated the distinction between substance abuse and dependence. Instead, it uses a single set of criteria to diagnose a substance use disorder, taking into account the extent of the problem.

DSM-5 recognized that the severity of a substance use disorder can be determined based on the number of symptoms a person experiences. Generally, more symptoms equal a more severe diagnosis.

The science that studies how diseases are distributed in a population and the factors that influence this distribution.

The study of drug use and abuse patterns within a population.

These drugs include substances like alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, opioids, heroin, and LSD.

Substances, often novel or not fully understood, with emerging patterns of use and abuse

The ability to understand the wrongfulness of an action.

The capacity to act according to one's understanding of right and wrong.

A person is fully accountable for their actions because they possess both cognitive and volitional capacity at the time of the crime.

A person is partially accountable for their actions due to a mental disorder or impairment affecting their cognitive and volitional abilities.

A person is not accountable for their actions because they lack cognitive or volitional capacity at the time of the crime.

Circumstances that may lessen the severity of a punishment, but not completely eliminate responsibility.

A legal mechanism that suspends a sentence for a period of time, allowing the offender a chance to demonstrate rehabilitation.

A legal process whereby a suspended sentence is formally removed after the individual has successfully met the terms of their probation.

A policy that encourages early intervention and community-based treatment for inmates with Substance Use Disorders.

The ethical principle that emphasizes recognizing and respecting individuals' freedom to make their own choices.

The ethical principle that compels individuals to avoid intentionally harming others.