Substance Use Disorders and Treatment

50-60%

It identified traditional early-onset and nontraditional late-onset drinking patterns, highlighting the genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use.

Type 2 alcoholics have early and heavy drinking patterns, while Type 1 alcoholics have long periods without drinking followed by uncontrollable impulses to drink.

<p>Antisocial traits and higher risk attributed to family history of alcoholism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The family environment has no measurable effect; boys began drinking regardless of whether their families drank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic marijuana abuse increases the risk of psychosis due to the effects of THC and dopamine transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tobacco use is associated with a doubled risk of developing schizophrenia, with increased smoking correlating with greater risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BT+CMPT should be considered a frontline treatment and includes parent operant conditioning training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The typical onset of schizophrenia occurs in late adolescence to early adulthood, with early onset linked to a worse clinical course.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DSM-3 required 6 mandatory criteria, while DSM-4 introduced 16 optional criteria with 8 required for diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the increase in autism diagnoses is not due to a true rise in cases but rather a change in diagnostic criteria and awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The estrogen hypothesis suggests that higher estrogen levels have a protective effect against psychotic symptoms in women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low SES can exacerbate the impacts of schizophrenia by affecting education and overall outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include abnormal social approach, failure of back-and-forth conversations, and lack of interest in sharing emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black Americans are diagnosed with schizophrenia twice as often as white or Latino Americans due to biases among clinicians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is viewed as bogus since it incorrectly assumes that physical limitations in individuals with autism are the only barriers to communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diagnosis requires the presence of at least 2 out of 4 specified deficits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early substance use can lead to an earlier onset of schizophrenia and contribute to a more severe progression of the disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizophrenia can lead to impaired relationships, issues with self-care, and may result in reliance on family or homelessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies that symptoms must be identified during early developmental periods, although the timing is not clearly defined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The broadened language has lowered the threshold for diagnosis, making it easier to identify autism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain produces a compensatory response to counteract the effects of excessive chemical release, helping to prevent potentially lethal consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The UCS is morphine, and the UCR is pain reduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CS, such as injection paraphernalia, can lead to a conditioned response (CR) that increases pain sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overdoses are more likely in novel environments because the body does not trigger the expected compensatory response, leading to greater risk when the same dose is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pathway includes exposure, use, escalation, and ultimately consequences leading to substance use disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social and cultural influences, as well as psychological and biological factors, contribute to substance use disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The critical behavior to explain is the escalation of drug use, as most individuals do not start using in large quantities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural context heavily influences attitudes and practices surrounding alcohol, such as celebratory drinking in the USA compared to more restrained practices in France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive symptoms include cognitive, perceptual, and behavioral abnormalities such as delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive symptoms are excesses or distortions of normal functions, while negative symptoms represent a deficit in such functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delusions are unshakable false beliefs that remain despite evidence to the contrary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 50% of patients experience auditory hallucinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avolition is one type of negative symptom characterized by a lack of motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bizarre behavior refers to actions that are inconsistent with reality, such as taking off clothes in public or wandering aimlessly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DSM-III emphasized positive symptoms and largely ignored negative symptoms in its diagnostic criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auditory hallucinations are the most common type experienced by patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medications are often effective in treating positive symptoms, leading to remission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catatonic behavior is marked by rigidity, immobility, unresponsiveness, and sometimes mutism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To block the euphoric effects of substances like heroin, thereby reducing cravings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivation is essential for the treatment to be effective, as it requires commitment to recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces withdrawal symptoms and dulls the high from alcohol intoxication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admitting powerlessness over alcohol is considered a fundamental principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fosters a sense of normalization and helps participants feel they are not alone in their struggles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To modify drug use behaviors to reduce risks to public health and safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for lifestyle changes without requiring complete abstinence, which can enhance compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contrasts with the punitive approaches that prioritize incarceration over treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to concerns about anonymity, which can deter some individuals from participating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critics question the use of male-centered language and the exclusion of women's perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers