Substance-Related Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are some common withdrawal symptoms experienced by individuals dependent on nicotine?

  • Depressed mood and insomnia (correct)
  • Euphoria and alertness
  • Enhanced cognitive function
  • Increased energy and appetite

What effect does nicotine have on the central nervous system in small doses?

  • It decreases heart rate significantly.
  • It causes extreme dizziness and disorientation.
  • It increases the risk of cancer.
  • It relieves stress and improves mood. (correct)

Which of the following is a short-term effect of cocaine use?

  • Blurred vision
  • Increased appetite
  • Euphoria and heightened alertness (correct)
  • Long-lasting hallucinations

What can happen to dopamine in the synapse during cocaine use?

<p>It remains in the synapse, causing stimulation of the next neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is associated with the experience of delusions and hallucinations?

<p>Cannabis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic effect of high doses of cocaine?

<p>Confusion and convulsions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical health risks are associated with nicotine use?

<p>Increased risk of heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the THC content of cannabis plants vary?

<p>It is influenced by growing conditions and other chemicals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of anxiolytic medications?

<p>To reduce anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable difference between barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

<p>Benzodiazepines provide rapid anxiety-reducing effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter system is significantly affected by alcohol consumption?

<p>GABA system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of taking sedative or hypnotic medications?

<p>Impaired motor coordination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the initial effects of alcohol consumption?

<p>Apparent stimulation and reduced inhibitions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is driving while intoxicated particularly dangerous?

<p>It decreases reaction time and impairs coordination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hypnotics is correct?

<p>They induce sleep and combat insomnia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do benzodiazepines differ from major tranquilizers?

<p>Benzodiazepines are referred to as minor tranquilizers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological effect experienced by users of cannabis?

<p>Intense mood swings (B), Feelings of euphoria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is derived from a grain fungus?

<p>LSD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical symptom is commonly associated with hallucinogen intoxication?

<p>Pupillary dilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both PCP and ketamine are classified under which category of substances?

<p>Dissociative anesthetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is often linked to feelings of paranoia and dizziness when consumed in large doses?

<p>LSD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sensation might users describe when under the influence of cannabis?

<p>Time distortion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a natural source of traditional hallucinogens?

<p>Synthetic chemicals for PCP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common household product misused for inhalant abuse?

<p>Aerosol sprays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of relapse prevention in substance use recovery?

<p>Understanding neurological changes from substance use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Phase 1 in alcohol and drug treatment programs?

<p>Detoxification from substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is associated with substance use among adolescents?

<p>Lack of connectedness to peers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of media exposure to substance use?

<p>Increased risk of substance use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of friends impact media impressions of smoking?

<p>It strengthens the effect of media messages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does supportive intervention play during drug and alcohol treatment?

<p>Offering resources for social reconnections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might medical supervision be necessary during detoxification?

<p>To manage withdrawal symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of diminished anti-drug advertising?

<p>Heightened perception of substance use as common (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of childhood maltreatment on substance use among individuals?

<p>It increases the likelihood of early onset of drinking or drug use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do self-help groups support individuals in recovery from substance use?

<p>By emphasizing fellowship and a supportive community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sociocultural factors influence substance use among adolescents?

<p>Factors such as gender, age, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity influence substance use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception among college students regarding their peers' substance use?

<p>They overestimate the extent of peer use, inflating social acceptability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of treatment for substance use disorders?

<p>To achieve sustained abstinence and maintain a drug-free lifestyle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior changes are associated with a decrease in adolescent substance use?

<p>Changing habits and learning to cope without substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does spiritual awareness play in self-help groups for substance recovery?

<p>It provides motivation for participants to support abstinence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is linked to increased substance use in social situations among adolescents?

<p>An increase in peer approval for getting high. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does neuroplasticity play in addiction treatment?

<p>It allows the brain to change in response to experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sustained abstinence necessary in addiction treatment?

<p>It is essential for permanent neurological changes to occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about relapse in addiction treatment?

<p>Relapse indicates a complete failure of treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of medications such as Antabuse in treating alcohol abuse?

<p>They create unpleasant symptoms when alcohol is consumed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of motivational interviewing in addiction therapy?

<p>It assists clients in making a commitment to change by weighing pros and cons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of effective treatment for individuals with substance-use disorders?

<p>Relapse prevention strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is true?

<p>AA views alcoholism as a disease that requires total abstinence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does acamprosate help individuals recovering from alcohol use disorder?

<p>It maintains abstinence and reduces relapse rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sedatives

Drugs that have a calming effect, including hypnotics (sleep-inducing) and anxiolytics (anxiety-reducing).

Hypnotics

Drugs that induce sleep and combat insomnia.

Anxiolytics

Drugs used to treat anxiety; sometimes called minor tranquilizers.

Barbiturates

A class of sedative-hypnotics, including Seconal and phenobarbital.

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Benzodiazepines

A class of sedative-hypnotics, including Valium, Ativan, and Xanax.

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GABA system

A neurotransmitter system particularly sensitive to alcohol.

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Alcohol's initial effect

Appears as stimulation, but it's a depressant.

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Alcohol's negative effects

Impairs motor coordination, reaction time, judgment & sensory functions with continued use.

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Cocaine's Effect on Dopamine

Cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake, causing excessive dopamine in the synapse. This leads to repeated stimulation of pleasure pathways, causing a high.

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Cocaine's Short-Term Effects

Cocaine initially increases alertness, euphoria, blood pressure, pulse, and causes insomnia and loss of appetite. These effects are short-lived.

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Cocaine Withdrawal

Stopping cocaine use can cause symptoms such as depressed mood, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, increased appetite, and weight gain.

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Nicotine's Effects (Small Doses)

Nicotine can stimulate the central nervous system, relieve stress, improve mood, but also increase blood pressure and heart disease/cancer risk.

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Nicotine Dependence

When someone is dependent on nicotine, they experience withdrawal symptoms upon stopping use.

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Hallucinogens

Substances that alter sensory perception and can cause delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations.

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Marijuana Source

Marijuana is derived from the leaves and flowering tops of the cannabis plant, while hashish comes from the plant's resin.

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Cannabis THC Content

THC content in cannabis varies depending on growing conditions; this impacts the strength and effects of the substance.

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Cannabis Effects

Cannabis use can cause feelings of euphoria, tranquility, passiveness, altered perceptions, and mood swings.

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Hallucinogens - Definition

Substances that produce vivid sensory distortions, including hallucinations, and can increase anxiety & depression.

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Hallucinogen Sources

Hallucinogens are derived from natural sources, such as fungi, mushrooms, cacti, and herbs.

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LSD - Common Name

A common and well-known hallucinogenic drug.

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Hallucinogen Intoxication Symptoms

Symptoms include perceptual changes, depersonalization, hallucinations, and physical symptoms like dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat.

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Inhalant Abuse - Source

Inhalant abuse involves inhaling chemicals found in common household products like solvents, office supplies, aerosols, and compressed air products.

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Dissociative Anesthetics - Types

Phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine are highly dangerous and potentially addictive dissociative anesthetics.

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Dissociative Anesthetics - Caution

Dissociative anesthetics like PCP and ketamine are hazardous and potentially addictive; use with extreme caution.

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Childhood Trauma & Substance Use

Experiencing childhood abuse or maltreatment increases the chance of developing substance use problems later in life.

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Early Onset of Substance Use

Starting to drink or use drugs at a young age is a risk factor for developing substance use disorders.

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Peer Influence on Substance Use

The perception of how many peers use alcohol or marijuana significantly influences an individual's own likelihood of using these substances.

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Overestimation of Peer Substance Use

People tend to overestimate the number of peers who use alcohol and marijuana, making substance use seem more acceptable.

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Sociocultural Factors in Substance Use

While substance use exists across all social groups, certain sociocultural factors like gender, age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and religion can influence patterns of use.

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Substance Use as a Norm

Substance use is increasingly becoming accepted as a part of adolescent culture.

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Self-Help Groups for Addiction

These groups provide support and guidance for people struggling with addiction, focusing on fellowship and spiritual awareness to promote abstinence.

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Treatment Goals for Substance Use Disorders

Treatment aims to achieve sustained abstinence from substances, maintain a drug-free lifestyle, and improve functioning in various aspects of life.

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Peer Group Influence

Adolescents whose friends are not committed to school are more likely to use substances.

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Media & Substance Use

Exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and prescription drugs in media can lead to increased use.

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Detoxification Phase

The first phase of treatment involves stopping or reducing substance use. Medical supervision might be needed to manage withdrawal symptoms.

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Relapse Prevention

The second phase aims to prevent a return to substance use. Support is crucial, as relapse is common.

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Relapse Factors

Physiological changes due to substance use can lead to relapse. These changes impact motivation, impulsiveness, learning, and memory.

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Treatment for Substance Abuse

Treatment involves various interventions and support to help individuals overcome addiction.

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Family & Social Repair

Substance abuse can disrupt relationships, so recovery often involves rebuilding family, friend, and work connections.

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Marketing & Substance Use

Marketing messages and media portrayals of tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs are common and influential.

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Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to change its structure and function based on experiences. This is relevant to addiction treatment as it helps understand how the brain adapts to both addiction and recovery.

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Reconditioning the brain

Treatment helps reverse the changes caused by addiction by creating new neural pathways and supporting the brain's natural ability to adapt.

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Sustained abstinence

Continuous avoidance of a substance is crucial for permanent neurological changes to occur and achieve lasting treatment success.

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Motivational interviewing

A therapeutic technique used to explore both the benefits and drawbacks of continued substance use.

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AA (Alcoholics Anonymous)

A mutual support group for people with alcohol use disorder, based on the principle of total abstinence, and relying on shared experience and support.

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Antabuse

A medication used to treat alcoholism that creates unpleasant symptoms if alcohol is consumed.

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Acamprosate

A medication that helps maintain abstinence, particularly for those undergoing detoxification by reducing cravings and relapse.

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Study Notes

  • Substance: Chemical compounds ingested to alter mood or behavior.
  • Psychoactive substances: Substances that alter moods, thoughts, and other psychological states. Used excessively.
  • Substance use: Ingestion of psychoactive substances.
  • Intoxication: Physiological reaction to ingested substance.
  • Substance use disorder: Includes substance dependence/addiction.
  • Addiction: Compulsive drug-seeking behavior, loss of control over drug use.
  • Withdrawal symptoms: Negative psychological and physiological effects (shaking, irritability, emotional distress) when use is discontinued. Withdrawal occurs when chronic use leads to physiological dependence.
  • Tolerance: Progressive decrease in the effectiveness of a substance.
  • Intoxication (as related to substance use): Distinct and recognizable pattern of problematic behavioral or psychological changes associated with substance use.

Substances Associated with Abuse

I. Depressants

  • Cause the central nervous system to slow down.
  • Result in feelings of relaxation and sociability (lowered inhibitions).
  • Alcohol: Produced when yeasts react with sugar and water. Fermentation occurs. GABA and glutamate systems affected.
    • Moderate drinking: No more than one drink (women) or two drinks (men) daily or 14 drinks (men) or 7 drinks (women) per week.
    • Binge drinking: Five or more drinks (men) or four or more drinks (women) in a single occasion.
    • Alcohol poisoning: Large amounts of alcohol consumed quickly; leads to impaired breathing, coma, and death. Can be exacerbated by vomiting and dehydration.

II. Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics

  • Sedatives: Calming drugs.
  • Hypnotics: Sleep-inducing drugs.
  • Anxiolytics: Anxiety-reducing drugs.
  • These act on the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) system.

(Other substance categories, like Opiates, Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Dissociative Anesthetics, Cannabis, and Designer Drugs are also discussed in the document)

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This quiz covers key concepts related to substance-related disorders, including definitions of psychoactive substances, intoxication, substance use disorders, and addiction. It also addresses tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, highlighting the physiological and psychological effects associated with substance use. Test your understanding of these critical topics in the field of psychology and substance abuse.

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