7 Questions
What is the data rate for the European Standard E1 in Mbps?
2.048
How many 64Kbps channels make up a North American Standard T1 connection?
24
Which standard has a data rate of 6.312 Mbps?
T2
In Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, how many DS0 are needed to form an STM1 connection?
63
What is the data rate of an STM16 connection in Gbps according to the information provided?
10
Which standard in Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy operates at 97.728 Mbps?
T4
What is the data rate for the Japanese Standard J?
6.312 Mbps
Study Notes
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
- PDH is a digital hierarchy developed by Dr. Subodha Gunawardena
- It consists of multiple levels, with each level having a specific number of 64Kbps channels
- The hierarchy has different standards for North America, Europe, and Japan
Digital Mux Level
- Level 0: 1 x 64Kbps channel
- Level 1: 24 x 64Kbps channels = 1.544Mbps (T1 in North America, E1 in Europe)
- Level 2: 3 x 64Kbps channels = 1.544Mbps (T2 in North America, E2 in Europe)
- Level 3: 48 x 64Kbps channels = 3.152Mbps
- Level 4: 96 x 64Kbps channels = 6.312Mbps
- Level 5: 120 x 64Kbps channels = 8.448Mbps
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
- ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network
- ISDN has three standards: E (Equipment), I (Ideas), and S (Signaling/Switching)
- Access options include BRI (Basic Rate Interface) and PRI (Primary Rate Interface)
BRI (Basic Rate Interface)
- 2 x B channels (64Kbps each) and 1 x D channel (16Kbps)
- Used for small-scale applications
PRI (Primary Rate Interface)
- North American standard: 23 x B channels (64Kbps each) and 1 x D channel (64Kbps) = 1.544Mbps (full T1 link)
- European standard: 30 x B channels (64Kbps each) and 1 x D channel (64Kbps) and 1 frame synchronization channel = 2.048Mbps (full E1 link)
ISDN Terminals and Network Termination
- Terminal equipment type 1 (TE1): Specialized ISDN terminals that connect to the ISDN network through a four-wire, twisted-pair digital link
- Terminal equipment type 2 (TE2): Non-ISDN terminals that connect to the ISDN network through a terminal adapter (TA)
- Terminal adapter (TA): Connects non-ISDN TE2 devices to the ISDN network
- Network termination type 1 (NT1): Connects customer premises equipment to the ISDN network, covering the physical layer
- Network termination type 2 (NT2): Connects multiple customer premises equipment to NT1, mostly found in PBXs
Test your knowledge on Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) concepts, including 64 kbps, 1.544 Mbps, T1, T2, frame synchronization, MUX, and signaling related to PDH. This quiz covers Dr. Subodha Gunawardena's teachings on PDH technology.
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