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Questions and Answers
Why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state for any substance?
Why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state for any substance?
Because the energy supplied is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles, rather than increase kinetic energy.
Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
By compressing the gas at low temperatures.
Give examples from everyday life where change of state from liquid to vapor takes place without reaching the boiling point.
Give examples from everyday life where change of state from liquid to vapor takes place without reaching the boiling point.
Water evaporating slowly when left uncovered, and wet clothes drying up.
Define sublimation.
Define sublimation.
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What is deposition?
What is deposition?
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Explain how liquefaction of gases can be achieved.
Explain how liquefaction of gases can be achieved.
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What is solid carbon dioxide also known as?
What is solid carbon dioxide also known as?
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Describe the conversion process of solid carbon dioxide into gaseous state.
Describe the conversion process of solid carbon dioxide into gaseous state.
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How do pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance?
How do pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance?
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Explain the concept of sublimation with an example.
Explain the concept of sublimation with an example.
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Describe the process of deposition and provide an example.
Describe the process of deposition and provide an example.
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Explain the liquefaction of gases and why it is important.
Explain the liquefaction of gases and why it is important.
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How does pressure affect the states of matter?
How does pressure affect the states of matter?
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Explain the concept of solid carbon dioxide and its properties.
Explain the concept of solid carbon dioxide and its properties.
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What are the effects of sublimation on the environment?
What are the effects of sublimation on the environment?
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Study Notes
Change of State
- Temperature remains constant during the change of state for any substance because the energy absorbed or released is used to change the state, not to change the temperature.
Liquefaction of Gases
- Liquefaction of gases can be achieved by applying high pressure and low temperature.
- Example: Liquefaction of oxygen and nitrogen from atmospheric air to produce liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen.
Change of State Examples
- Examples of change of state from liquid to vapor without reaching the boiling point include:
- Evaporation of water from the skin while sweating
- Evaporation of petrol from the surface of a car
Sublimation
- Sublimation is the transition of a substance from the solid to the gas phase without going through the liquid phase.
- Example: Iodine crystals subliming into a purple vapor.
Deposition
- Deposition is the transition of a substance from the gas to the solid phase without going through the liquid phase.
- Example: Water vapor in the air freezing into frost on a cold windowpane.
Liquefaction of Gases Importance
- Liquefaction of gases is important for various industrial applications, including the production of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Solid Carbon Dioxide
- Solid carbon dioxide is also known as dry ice.
- Conversion process of solid carbon dioxide into gaseous state: solid CO2 (dry ice) → gaseous CO2
Pressure and Temperature
- Pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance, with high pressure and low temperature favoring the solid or liquid state, and low pressure and high temperature favoring the gas state.
Sublimation Effects
- Sublimation can have environmental effects, such as the loss of water from crops and soil due to rapid sublimation of frost.
Pressure Effects
- Pressure affects the states of matter by influencing the arrangement of particles, with high pressure favoring closer packing and lower pressure favoring greater spacing.
Dry Ice Properties
- Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) has the following properties:
- Sublimes directly into carbon dioxide gas
- Very cold, with a temperature of -78.5°C
- Used as a coolant and for preserving food
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Description
Test your knowledge on sublimation and deposition by inferring the process from a given activity. Learn about the direct change of state from solid to gas and gas to solid without passing through the liquid state.
