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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the solid state to the gaseous state without passing through the liquid state?
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the solid state to the gaseous state without passing through the liquid state?
- Boiling
- Sublimation (correct)
- Evaporation
- Condensation
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the gaseous state to the solid state without passing through the liquid state?
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the gaseous state to the solid state without passing through the liquid state?
- Evaporation
- Deposition (correct)
- Condensation
- Melting
What is the effect of increasing pressure on the liquefaction of gases?
What is the effect of increasing pressure on the liquefaction of gases?
- Decreases the temperature required for liquefaction (correct)
- Increases the temperature required for liquefaction
- Causes the gas to directly convert to a solid state
- Has no effect on the liquefaction of gases
What is the other name for solid carbon dioxide (CO2)?
What is the other name for solid carbon dioxide (CO2)?
How does the state of a substance change with changes in pressure and temperature?
How does the state of a substance change with changes in pressure and temperature?
What phenomenon is observed when solid carbon dioxide changes directly into a gas?
What phenomenon is observed when solid carbon dioxide changes directly into a gas?
Which of the following states of matter has the highest compressibility?
Which of the following states of matter has the highest compressibility?
What is the process called when a gas changes into a liquid?
What is the process called when a gas changes into a liquid?
How does an increase in pressure affect the state of matter?
How does an increase in pressure affect the state of matter?
What happens to the density of air as it gets liquefied?
What happens to the density of air as it gets liquefied?
What property of matter is demonstrated when solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state?
What property of matter is demonstrated when solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state?
Which of the following observations best demonstrates the effect of pressure on states of matter?
Which of the following observations best demonstrates the effect of pressure on states of matter?
When a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without becoming a liquid first, this process is known as:
When a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without becoming a liquid first, this process is known as:
Which of the following best explains why a diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool?
Which of the following best explains why a diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool?
What property of matter is exhibited when air trapped in minute holes of a sponge is expelled out upon compression?
What property of matter is exhibited when air trapped in minute holes of a sponge is expelled out upon compression?
What is the process by which a solid directly transforms into a gas, without going through the liquid state?
What is the process by which a solid directly transforms into a gas, without going through the liquid state?
What is the process by which a gas directly transforms into a solid, without going through the liquid state?
What is the process by which a gas directly transforms into a solid, without going through the liquid state?
Which method can be used to liquefy atmospheric gases like oxygen and nitrogen?
Which method can be used to liquefy atmospheric gases like oxygen and nitrogen?
What is the physical state of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) at standard atmospheric pressure?
What is the physical state of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) at standard atmospheric pressure?
How does an increase in pressure affect the melting point and boiling point of a substance?
How does an increase in pressure affect the melting point and boiling point of a substance?
What happens to the particles of matter when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them?
What happens to the particles of matter when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them?
What is the minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure called?
What is the minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure called?
At what temperature does ice melt, according to the provided text?
At what temperature does ice melt, according to the provided text?
What does the melting point of a solid indicate about its particles?
What does the melting point of a solid indicate about its particles?
When a solid melts and becomes a liquid, what occurs to the forces of attraction between its particles?
When a solid melts and becomes a liquid, what occurs to the forces of attraction between its particles?
What is the term used to describe the process where a solid directly transitions to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase?
What is the term used to describe the process where a solid directly transitions to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase?
Which of the following substances undergoes sublimation at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature?
Which of the following substances undergoes sublimation at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature?
If the pressure on a gas is increased while keeping the temperature constant, what effect will it have on the liquefaction of the gas?
If the pressure on a gas is increased while keeping the temperature constant, what effect will it have on the liquefaction of the gas?
If a substance undergoes deposition, what phase transition is occurring?
If a substance undergoes deposition, what phase transition is occurring?
What effect does decreasing the pressure have on the state of a substance that can undergo sublimation?
What effect does decreasing the pressure have on the state of a substance that can undergo sublimation?
Which of the following processes involves the direct conversion of a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
Which of the following processes involves the direct conversion of a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
What is the name of the process where a gas directly changes into a solid without passing through the liquid state?
What is the name of the process where a gas directly changes into a solid without passing through the liquid state?
Which of the following is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2) at normal atmospheric pressure?
Which of the following is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2) at normal atmospheric pressure?
What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when a gas is compressed at constant temperature?
What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when a gas is compressed at constant temperature?
Which of the following statements is true about the effect of pressure on the liquefaction of gases?
Which of the following statements is true about the effect of pressure on the liquefaction of gases?
Which of the following statements best describes the arrangement of particles in a solid?
Which of the following statements best describes the arrangement of particles in a solid?
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the liquid state to the gaseous state without passing through the solid state?
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the liquid state to the gaseous state without passing through the solid state?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the forces of attraction between particles in different states of matter?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the forces of attraction between particles in different states of matter?
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the gaseous state to the liquid state without passing through the solid state?
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the gaseous state to the liquid state without passing through the solid state?
Which of the following statements is true about the spaces between particles in different states of matter?
Which of the following statements is true about the spaces between particles in different states of matter?
Explain the force of attraction between particles in a solid state of matter.
Explain the force of attraction between particles in a solid state of matter.
Describe the properties of particles of matter in a liquid state.
Describe the properties of particles of matter in a liquid state.
What happens to the particles of matter when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them?
What happens to the particles of matter when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them?
Explain the effect of compression on the properties of a gas.
Explain the effect of compression on the properties of a gas.
What property of matter is exhibited when air trapped in minute holes of a sponge is expelled out upon compression?
What property of matter is exhibited when air trapped in minute holes of a sponge is expelled out upon compression?
Describe the force of attraction between particles in different states of matter.
Describe the force of attraction between particles in different states of matter.
Explain the properties exhibited by particles of matter in relation to compression.
Explain the properties exhibited by particles of matter in relation to compression.
How do the particles of matter behave when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them?
How do the particles of matter behave when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them?
Explain the effect of decreasing pressure on a substance that can undergo sublimation.
Explain the effect of decreasing pressure on a substance that can undergo sublimation.
Discuss the relationship between the spaces between particles in different states of matter.
Discuss the relationship between the spaces between particles in different states of matter.
Explain why a wooden table is considered a solid.
Explain why a wooden table is considered a solid.
Describe the property of fluidity and provide an example.
Describe the property of fluidity and provide an example.
Explain why a gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
Explain why a gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
Discuss the differences in compressibility between solids, liquids, and gases.
Discuss the differences in compressibility between solids, liquids, and gases.
Explain why ice floats on water despite being a solid.
Explain why ice floats on water despite being a solid.
Explain the concept of compression of matter and its effect on the properties of particles.
Explain the concept of compression of matter and its effect on the properties of particles.
Discuss the forces of attraction between particles in different states of matter.
Discuss the forces of attraction between particles in different states of matter.
How does the kinetic energy of particles change when a gas is compressed at constant temperature?
How does the kinetic energy of particles change when a gas is compressed at constant temperature?
Explain why a diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool.
Explain why a diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.
Explain why a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day?
Explain why a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day?
How does water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?
How does water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?
Why does our palm feel cold when we put acetone, petrol, or perfume on it?
Why does our palm feel cold when we put acetone, petrol, or perfume on it?
Why can we sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Why can we sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
Which group was the easiest to break in the human chain activity described?
Which group was the easiest to break in the human chain activity described?
What was the reason behind the surface of water remaining together when cut with fingers?
What was the reason behind the surface of water remaining together when cut with fingers?
In which substance do you think the particles are held together with greater force: iron nail, chalk, or rubber band?
In which substance do you think the particles are held together with greater force: iron nail, chalk, or rubber band?
If each student is considered a particle of matter, in which group were the particles held together with the maximum force?
If each student is considered a particle of matter, in which group were the particles held together with the maximum force?
What keeps the particles of matter together according to the activities described?
What keeps the particles of matter together according to the activities described?
What is the term for the minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure?
What is the term for the minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure?
Describe what happens to the particles of matter when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them.
Describe what happens to the particles of matter when the energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between them.
Explain the relationship between the melting point of a solid and the force of attraction between its particles.
Explain the relationship between the melting point of a solid and the force of attraction between its particles.
What property of matter is demonstrated when a solid directly transitions to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase?
What property of matter is demonstrated when a solid directly transitions to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase?
How does an increase in pressure affect the state of matter?
How does an increase in pressure affect the state of matter?
What is the term for the process where a gas directly changes into a solid without passing through the liquid state?
What is the term for the process where a gas directly changes into a solid without passing through the liquid state?
Explain the effect of compression on the properties of a gas.
Explain the effect of compression on the properties of a gas.
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the liquid state to the gaseous state without passing through the solid state?
What is the name of the process where a substance changes directly from the liquid state to the gaseous state without passing through the solid state?
Describe what happens to the forces of attraction between particles when a solid melts and becomes a liquid.
Describe what happens to the forces of attraction between particles when a solid melts and becomes a liquid.
What property of matter is exhibited when air trapped in minute holes of a sponge is expelled out upon compression?
What property of matter is exhibited when air trapped in minute holes of a sponge is expelled out upon compression?
Study Notes
Matter and Its Nature
- Matter is made up of small particles that have mass and occupy space.
- The physical nature of matter can be understood by observing the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
Characteristics of Particles of Matter
- Particles of matter are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye.
- Particles of matter are in continuous motion, even in solids.
- Particles of matter have forces of attraction between them, which vary in strength.
- Particles of matter have kinetic energy, which increases with temperature.
States of Matter
- Solids: Particles are closely packed, have fixed shape, and have minimum kinetic energy.
- Liquids: Particles have more space between them, can change shape, and have intermediate kinetic energy.
- Gases: Particles are widely spaced, have maximum kinetic energy, and can expand to fill a container.
Interconvertibility of States of Matter
- Matter can change its state from solid to liquid to gas, and vice versa, by changing temperature or pressure.
- Change of state from solid to gas without going through liquid state is called sublimation.
- Examples of sublimation include dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) and camphor.
Factors Affecting Evaporation
- Temperature: Increasing temperature increases evaporation.
- Surface area: Increasing surface area increases evaporation.
- Humidity: Decreasing humidity increases evaporation.
Latent Heat of Vaporisation
- The energy required to change a liquid to a gas at constant temperature is called the latent heat of vaporisation.
Pressure and Its Effects
- Increasing pressure can change the state of matter from gas to liquid.
- Decreasing pressure can change the state of matter from liquid to gas.
- Pressure affects the kinetic energy of particles, causing them to move closer together or farther apart.
Activities and Observations
- Diffusion of particles in a solution.
- Continuous motion of particles in a gas.
- Effect of pressure on the state of matter.
- Conversion of solid to liquid to gas and vice versa.
Questions and Answers
-
What is matter made up of? (Small particles)
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What are the characteristics of particles of matter? (Small, continuous motion, forces of attraction, kinetic energy)
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What are the three states of matter? (Solids, liquids, gases)
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Can matter change its state? (Yes, by changing temperature or pressure)### Change of State
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The change of state from solid to liquid occurs when the kinetic energy of particles increases due to heat, allowing them to vibrate faster and overcome the forces of attraction between them.
Melting Point
- The minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure is called its melting point.
- The melting point of a solid is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.
- The melting point of ice is 273.15 K.
Experiment to Observe Change of State
- Heat the beaker containing ice on a low flame.
- Note the temperature when the ice starts melting.
- Note the temperature when all the ice has converted into water.
- Record observations for the conversion of solid to liquid state.
Conversion to Gas
- Heat the water while stirring till it starts boiling.
- Keep a careful eye on the thermometer reading till most of the water has vaporised.
- Record observations for the conversion of water in the liquid state to the gaseous state.
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Description
In this activity, a change of state directly from solid to gas is observed, known as sublimation, and the direct change of gas to solid is demonstrated, known as deposition. Learn to infer observations related to sublimation and deposition based on the given activity.
