30 Questions
Which of the following is true about the bacterial population in a normal, healthy human being?
The bacterial population is 10 times greater than the total body weight.
Who proposed preventing the entry of microorganisms into the human body?
Louis Pasteur
Where is the majority of the resident/normal microflora found?
All of the above
Which of the following is true about the composition of the normal flora within the mouth?
The composition varies significantly within the mouth.
When does the normal flora start to form in the oral cavity?
It varies with age
Which of the following is NOT a common virulence factor?
Microbial antagonisms/synergy
What is the purpose of Quorum Sensing in a biofilm?
To promote cooperation among bacteria
Why are antibiotics ineffective in treating chronic periodontitis?
The concentration is too low to be effective
What is the main function of adhesins in cell-to-cell adhesion in biofilms?
To modify the cell surface of bacteria
What is the purpose of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in bacterial survival?
To provide essential energy sources like glucose and iron
Which of the following is NOT a suspected virulence factor mentioned in the text?
Chaperonin 60
Which of the following factors promote colonization and persistence of bacteria?
Adhesins
Which of the following factors destroy host tissues?
Collagenase
Which of the following factors interfere with host defense?
Immunosuppressive proteins
Which of the following bacteria is associated with Necrotizing Periodontal Disease?
Prevotella Intermedia (P.i.)
Which of the following is NOT a major niche for oral bacteria?
Saliva
What is the main cause of dental caries?
Dental plaque biofilm
Which age group has an increase in the number and types of bacteria present in the oral cavity?
Puberty
What is the main difference between supragingival and subgingival environments in the oral cavity?
Nutrient sources
What is the role of commensal microbiota in the oral cavity?
Contribute to host nutrition
Which bacteria is considered one of the putative periodontal pathogens and is usually found in pockets and colonizes deeper in the tissues?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Which bacteria is associated with 'refractory' periodontitis and is commonly seen in endodontic infection, early stage and progressing periodontitis, and periimplantitis?
Tannerella forsythia
Which bacteria was recognized as the cause of juvenile periodontitis?
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Which bacteria has the major virulence effect due to its bacterial capsule with antiphagocytic activity against host cells?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Which bacteria is frequently isolated from subgingival plaque and has elevated presence in periodontal lesions?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Why are the orange complex bacteria associated with BOP and PD?
They are gram-negative rods and cocci
Which complexes are primarily associated with periodontal health?
Blue, Yellow, Green, and Orange Complexes
According to the Non-Specific Plaque Hypothesis, why do some patients develop only gingivitis without any attachment loss?
The quantity of bacteria mass is important
What does the Specific Plaque Hypothesis state?
Only certain plaque is pathogenic and its pathogenicity depends on the presence of specific bacteria
What does the Ecological Plaque Hypothesis propose?
A change in key environmental factors will cause a shift in the balance of residential bacterial species, which could then predispose a site to disease
Test your knowledge on the subgingival microorganisms that colonize and proliferate in the oral cavity. Learn about the different color-coded complexes, including the orange complex which acts as a bridge between early and late colonizers, and the red complex bacteria associated with BOP and PD. Explore the composition of these complexes based on the frequency of encountering the organisms together.
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