midterm

<p>Arthroconidia resembling a 'hockey stick' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidic pH of about 4.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They ulcerate and drain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatophytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary bacterial infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limbs, hands, and fingers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporothrix schenckii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most are saprobes found in decaying vegetation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phialophora verrucosa (B), Fonsecaea pedrosoi (C), Cladosporium carionii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cladosporium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudallescheria boydii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phialophora (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaline septate and loosely arranged hyphae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporotrichosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fonsecaea pedrosoi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhinocladiella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark septate with a swollen center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can involve multiple fungal agents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of an RNA endonuclease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stable in the environment and resistant to disinfection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-mediated responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of cirrhosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herpes Simplex Virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear double-stranded DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood screening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a chronic infectious condition. (B), It involves skin and subcutaneous tissue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyst: reddish-blue against a blue background (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in the production of fermented beverages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stops elongating once the first conidium appears. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conidiogenous cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are thick-walled structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida glabrata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They continue growing while producing conidia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HIV-infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated water in swimming pools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T-cell action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristic lesions and intranuclear inclusions on smear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More prevalent in children under 6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungi that live in decaying vegetation and wood.

A fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii.

Usually occurs from trauma-related injuries from contact with infected vegetation/wood.

Characterized by nodules, suppuration, ulceration, and draining sores, possibly spreading to lymph nodes.

Primary lesions develop at the site of inoculation, often on limbs, hands or fingers.

Primary lesions develop at the site of inoculation; secondary lesions may appear along lymphatic vessels.

A type of subcutaneous fungal infection.

Another type of subcutaneous fungal infection characterized by nodules.

Yeast cells that reproduce by budding, producing asexual spores.

Chains of yeast cells that look like hyphae but do not have true walls between cells.

Thick-walled, resting spores formed by some yeasts for survival.

A fungus that can cause pneumonia, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Specialized fungal structure where conidia arise in a determinate manner (stops growing after each conidium)

Specialized fungal structure where conidia arise in indeterminate manner (continues growing after producing the first conidium).

Fungi that cause disease mainly in immunocompromised individuals.

Single-celled fungus used in fermentation processes, like beer and bread production.

Yeast cells, sometimes single or multiple budding, and thick-walled, 2-15µm in diameter.

Arthroconidia resembling a "hockey stick"

Caused by lowered vaginal pH due to factors like contraceptives, diabetes, or pregnancy.

Frequently found in dairy products, vegetables, and fruits.

Disease caused by Geotrichum candidum.

A chronic skin infection caused by specific fungi.

A fungus causing a type of skin infection (chromoblastomycosis).

A fungus that causes a type of skin infection (chromoblastomycosis).

A fungus, significant causative agent of Mycetoma and/or Chromoblastomycosis.

Spores of a fungus, often responsible for spreading the infection (like a seed).

A type of fungus with a unique conidium structure (vase-like base).

A fungus causing Eumycotic Mycetoma, fast grower, has two forms.

A fungus causing sporotrichosis, commonly found in gardens.

A common infection in children that causes a sore throat, fever, and inflammation of the back of the throat. It can be difficult to differentiate from a common cold or flu.

An infection caused by adenoviruses, often spread through contaminated water or surfaces. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and pink eye.

A respiratory infection that can affect military recruits. It's often accompanied by a rash.

Viruses that infect and can remain dormant in nerve cells. Examples include Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV), and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV).

Viruses that infect and can remain dormant in lymphocytes. Some are associated with cancers. Examples include Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV).

The immune system uses various strategies to fight viral infections. Cytotoxic T-cells directly kill infected cells, preventing further spread. Antibodies can also neutralize viruses, but they are not always produced quickly enough to be effective.

Clusters of viral particles inside the nucleus of infected cells. They are characteristic of certain viral infections and aid in diagnosis.

Large cells formed when multiple cells fuse together after being infected with certain viruses. They are another diagnostic feature.

Non-enveloped, 70-90 nm, icosahedral with 252 capsomeres, containing a linear ds DNA genome.

Stable in the environment, resistant to disinfection, stable in the GI tract.

Infects mucoepithelial cells of the respiratory, GI, and GU tracts, leading to viremia.

Causes cytopathic changes in infected cells, leading to disease symptoms.

Inflammation of the liver, potentially asymptomatic, with carrier state possibilities and risk of chronic progression to cirrhosis.

Enters hepatocytes (liver cells) via the bloodstream.

Viral antigens expressed on hepatocyte cell surfaces, recognized by the immune response (cytotoxic T cells), contributing to the clinical syndrome.

Enveloped virus that replicates in the host's nucleus, potentially causing recurrent infections.

Prevents viral adsorption to target cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize and destroy infected cells, reducing viral production.

Antiviral antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes work together to prevent viral adsorption, destroy infected cells, and reduce viral production.