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Questions and Answers
What approach combines modification with fluency shaping in stuttering treatment?
What approach combines modification with fluency shaping in stuttering treatment?
What is a key technique mentioned for addressing relapses in stuttering?
What is a key technique mentioned for addressing relapses in stuttering?
What does a person- and family-centered practice in stuttering treatment primarily involve?
What does a person- and family-centered practice in stuttering treatment primarily involve?
Which motivational interviewing technique is NOT mentioned as a part of the process?
Which motivational interviewing technique is NOT mentioned as a part of the process?
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What is one of the basic principles to encourage positive self-talk and emotions in therapy?
What is one of the basic principles to encourage positive self-talk and emotions in therapy?
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What should clients be encouraged to understand about stuttering?
What should clients be encouraged to understand about stuttering?
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Which of the following techniques is NOT included in promoting positive feelings during therapy?
Which of the following techniques is NOT included in promoting positive feelings during therapy?
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What is a recommended strategy for transferring skills learned in therapy to real-life situations?
What is a recommended strategy for transferring skills learned in therapy to real-life situations?
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What is a potential effect of building high self-esteem?
What is a potential effect of building high self-esteem?
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Which phrase best summarizes the impact of a negative self-image?
Which phrase best summarizes the impact of a negative self-image?
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What does the acronym RET stand for?
What does the acronym RET stand for?
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Which aspect is NOT directly linked to the consequences of a negative self-image?
Which aspect is NOT directly linked to the consequences of a negative self-image?
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What is a key component of changing irrational beliefs according to cognitive behavior therapy?
What is a key component of changing irrational beliefs according to cognitive behavior therapy?
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According to Maslow, what is critical for psychological health?
According to Maslow, what is critical for psychological health?
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Which term describes dubious self-talk that can hinder personal growth?
Which term describes dubious self-talk that can hinder personal growth?
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What is one consequence of low self-esteem as indicated in the content?
What is one consequence of low self-esteem as indicated in the content?
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What is the main focus of the Fluency Shaping (FS) approach to stuttering?
What is the main focus of the Fluency Shaping (FS) approach to stuttering?
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Which aspect is NOT addressed by the Stuttering Modification (SM) approach?
Which aspect is NOT addressed by the Stuttering Modification (SM) approach?
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What is one key element of the integrated approach to therapy for stuttering?
What is one key element of the integrated approach to therapy for stuttering?
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In the synergistic model of stuttering therapy, which factor is related to learned behavior?
In the synergistic model of stuttering therapy, which factor is related to learned behavior?
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Which of the following includes a consideration of self-esteem and confidence in stuttering therapy?
Which of the following includes a consideration of self-esteem and confidence in stuttering therapy?
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What should therapy for people who stutter ultimately help them feel?
What should therapy for people who stutter ultimately help them feel?
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What does the term 'locus of control' refer to in the context of stuttering therapy?
What does the term 'locus of control' refer to in the context of stuttering therapy?
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What does the cognitive aspect of stuttering therapy focus on?
What does the cognitive aspect of stuttering therapy focus on?
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What is the consequence of over-exaggerating negative beliefs according to the content?
What is the consequence of over-exaggerating negative beliefs according to the content?
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Which of the following represents a common cognitive distortion described in the content?
Which of the following represents a common cognitive distortion described in the content?
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What is NOT a recommended strategy for clients dealing with negative emotions?
What is NOT a recommended strategy for clients dealing with negative emotions?
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What term describes the unfortunate cycle where negative predictions reinforce themselves?
What term describes the unfortunate cycle where negative predictions reinforce themselves?
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Which belief should clients be taught regarding setbacks?
Which belief should clients be taught regarding setbacks?
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What is an effective way to help clients understand the therapy process?
What is an effective way to help clients understand the therapy process?
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What does the acronym FEAR in the content stand for?
What does the acronym FEAR in the content stand for?
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What strategy is included in CBT to combat negative thoughts?
What strategy is included in CBT to combat negative thoughts?
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Study Notes
Stuttering Intervention 3
- Stuttering intervention focuses on affective (feelings and emotions), behavior (core behaviors), and cognition (attitudes).
- Affective aspects include anxiety, fear, avoidance, and anticipation.
- Core behaviors are addressed through Fluency Shaping and Stuttering Modification (SSMP).
- Cognitive aspects involve reframing and reorganizing thoughts about stuttering and the person.
Approaches to Therapy
- Fluency Shaping (FS) emphasizes relaxation and motor skills during fluent speech.
- Stuttering Modification (SM) aims to modify or change stuttering moments, potentially involving negative practice.
- A combined approach (integrated) honors both fluency and stuttering.
Synergistic Stuttering Therapy
- The synergistic model considers neuro-physiological demands (speech motor control and language formulation).
- Physical factors (genetics and possible brain activity) are part of the model.
- Psycholinguistics, behavior, attitude, environment, and locus of control are also integral features.
- Therapist and client should aim to identify negative emotions, especially debilitating ones.
Intervention/Management of the Adult
- The normal communication process should be discussed.
- Motivating the client involves showing videos or playtapes.
- Use of websites, note-books/journals, and audio/video taping are supported.
The Process
- Combining modification and fluency shaping is an integrated approach (spontaneous controlled speech).
- Desensitization involves varying and controlling stuttering, using techniques for modifications, and practicing cancellations.
- Proprioception involves transferring to outside situations and encouraging group participation.
Relapses
- Discussing relapses, preparing for, and revisiting fears are useful steps.
- Client should have positive thoughts, realistic goals, and the therapist assists/supports in reality testing.
Person- and Family-Centered Practice
- A person- and family-centered approach involves education, conversations, and communication about stuttering, experiences, life goals, and holistic support.
Changing Cognition
- A quote about the desire for someone to inspire action is given (Emerson).
Motivational Interviewing
- Techniques include open-ended questions, feedback, reflective listening, affirmations, and summarizing.
Basic Principles for Positive Self-Talk and Attitudes
- Creating a safe space for the client
- Establishing objectives for therapy
- Facilitating opportunities for success
- Increasing awareness of fluency
- Encouraging technique use and carryover
- Preparing for outside situations.
- Improving communication skills (including pragmatics).
Clients Need to Know
- Stuttering is a point of view, and not a disability.
- Focus should be on positive goals and behaviors.
Client View of Stuttering
- Clients often view stuttering as a barrier to life.
- Reasons include "disorder of the spirit," lack of access to new beliefs, and difficulty managing control, leading to self-image issues.
- The pain of stuttering might outweigh the pain of therapy.
Low Self-Esteem Reactions
- Individuals with low self-esteem often react with "I can't."
- They may de-value their talents, feel unappreciated, and lack power and confidence.
- These individuals may become easily manipulated and be sensitive to frustration.
High Self-Esteem through Therapist Action
- Therapists can foster positive self-esteem through independent client choices, acceptance of responsibility, confidence, enthusiasm, and emotional expression.
Extent of Impact
- Stuttering impacts social and vocational aspects, and the clinical process.
- Successful management has related themes.
RET/CBT
- Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are tools the therapist uses.
- Clients may have a history of loss of control, illogical values, and inconsistent attitudes.
- The therapy addresses false interpretations, or beliefs, and helps identify the thought processes using an A-B-C-D-E model. A = activating event, B = belief system, C = emotional consequence, D = irrational belief, and E = changing to a rational belief.
Teach Positive and New Values
- Maslow quotes emphasize the importance of acceptance, love, and respect.
- Negative self-talk (e.g., "stinkin' thikin") is addressed by understanding the thought process (levels of thinking), the inference (e.g., demeaning inferences), and the resulting appraisals.
Overly Exaggerated Beliefs
- Overly exaggerated beliefs (like "I'm bugged because I'm plugged") are common.
Controlling Primal Processing
- Controlling primal processing (fear and self-criticism) guides the development of adaptive behaviours.
Therapist-Client Striving
- Therapists and clients should identify and work to change debilitating negative emotions in a process from incident, fear/negative predictions, and getting stuck and struggling into a break-out and new positive experience.
Simple Tips
- Clients should not be judged harshly for setbacks, failures, and lack of perfection.
- Setbacks are normal parts of life, not catastrophes, and clients need to be reassured about their self-worth which isn't judged by achievement or popularity.
CBT Steps
- Cognitive appraisal steps help clients to understand the CBT process and become involved.
- Identifying self-defeating thoughts, changing through thought-stopping, and reality testing strategies are helpful ways to develop strategies.
- Substitute negative thoughts with positive self-affirmations, including ways to use self-enhancing language and development of coping mechanisms.
Long-Term Maintenance
- Steps for long-term maintenance include self-analysis, rational thinking, and achieving spontaneity.
- Avoid guru complexes and procrastination to foster independence and mental health.
- Monitoring action and performance helps to support fluency.
Starting Self-Help Groups
- Group support, offer information, provide a service, and use alternative therapy programs and activities.
Program Framework
- Needs assessment, group composition and communication needs, and choosing groups, activities, and topics are all helpful in developing a framework.
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Description
This quiz explores the nuances of stuttering intervention, including affective, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of treatment. Different approaches to therapy such as Fluency Shaping and Stuttering Modification are discussed, along with the synergistic model that integrates various factors influencing stuttering. Test your knowledge on effective strategies and theoretical foundations behind stuttering therapy!
