Study of Man: Key Definitions
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Questions and Answers

What are the consequences of an input of energy in the body?

  • It results in a guaranteed increase in body mass.
  • It may result in an input-output relationship that does not produce waste. (correct)
  • It always results in an output of energy.
  • It always leads to the production of waste products.

Which of the following systems is primarily responsible for carrying digested food to body cells?

  • Respiratory system
  • Urinary system
  • Digestive system
  • Circulatory system (correct)

Which example demonstrates an energy-matter exchange?

  • Fear results in digestive changes (correct)
  • A quarrel causes sleep deprivation
  • Anticipating a test leads to anxiety
  • Ingestion of food after a workout

What is an example of a matter-matter exchange?

<p>Ingestion of histamine-rich food causing hives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does input refer to in an open system such as the human body?

<p>Energy and matter taken in (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do human subsystems interact with each other?

<p>They interdependently affect each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an input in the human body's process?

<p>Vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be classified as an information output?

<p>Confirmation of learning through feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a person consumes contaminated food or food lacking essential nutrients?

<p>They may become ill or fail to develop normally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does organismic behavior reflect?

<p>Observable features and actions indicating functioning as a unified whole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the definition by Byrne and Thomson, what constitutes a system?

<p>A whole functioning due to the interdependence of its parts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic describes a closed system?

<p>It is self-sufficient and isolated from outside influences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of a closed system consuming its internal reserves?

<p>It eventually fails to function and disintegrates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can skin color serve as an indicator of internal state?

<p>It reflects changes due to external stimuli or emotional states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of system mentioned?

<p>Dynamic system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What example is used to illustrate how a closed system operates?

<p>A lighted candle inside a tightly covered glass jar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspects should be considered in a patient's plan of care?

<p>The patient's family dynamics and community relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by organismic behavior in the context provided?

<p>Humans respond as a unified whole to stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the beliefs of Byrne and Thompson, how does the body respond to fear?

<p>The body exhibits widespread physiological changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the analogy of water relate to organismic behavior?

<p>It reflects that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a girl physically when she experiences fear according to the content?

<p>Her heart rate and blood pressure increase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when it is said that humans respond unpredictably due to extraneous variables?

<p>Responses can vary because of various outside influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of organismic behavior, what role do hormones play when a person is frightened?

<p>They prepare the body for action by increasing strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the explanation of organismic behavior challenge traditional views of the human body?

<p>It emphasizes the interdependence of mind and body functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the subordinate system in man?

<p>It comprises the various organ systems that support daily life activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the superordinate systems affect man as an individual?

<p>They provide frameworks of relationships linking individuals to larger groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects how man is studied as a biological being?

<p>Man is a composite of interrelated systems that function as a whole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cells play in the biological makeup of man?

<p>They are specialized units that cooperate for the growth and development of the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between man's feeling of well-being and his organ systems?

<p>Well-being is directly correlated with the state of his organ systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of man’s nature does the relationship with the environment emphasize?

<p>Man's behavioral responses to environmental stimuli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are networks of relationships important in studying man?

<p>They highlight the significance of social context in human behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms 'subordinate' and 'superordinate' systems refer to in the context of man?

<p>Organ systems and social structures that influence man's functionality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which professionals are often consulted for understanding the behavior of individuals in relation to their family and society?

<p>Psychologists and Sociologists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Travelbee suggest about the uniqueness of every human being?

<p>Every human is a unique and irreplaceable individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do public health workers typically categorize behaviors?

<p>Toward health crises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the persistence of a human being after death according to the content?

<p>Humans cease to exist with no chance of living again. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are surgeons currently unable to fully resolve the problem of organ transplants?

<p>Making the transplanted organs survive is challenging. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of identity does Travelbee convey through the concept of individuality?

<p>Every person adds a unique touch to shared experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral concerns do law enforcement agencies typically focus on?

<p>Deviant or anti-social behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do social scientists and anthropologists study regarding human behavior?

<p>Behavior at the societal level based on values and taboos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of faith in the context of healthcare?

<p>It allows patients to trust in the skills of medical professionals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hope impact a patient's recovery according to the given content?

<p>It is a factor that can determine prognosis and acceptance of illness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does charity in the clinical context refer to?

<p>Acts of love and support by healthcare providers towards patients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the relationship between faith and hope?

<p>Hope is irrelevant without the foundation of faith. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common experience do all individuals share as biological organisms?

<p>They have identical biological processes supporting life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to a patient's death, even when recovery is possible?

<p>A lack of hope in their recovery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context provided, what is man's spiritual nature said to do?

<p>It combines uniquely with his physical and psychological nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'overcome skepticism' imply in the context of human nature?

<p>It signifies the ability to have faith despite doubts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Family and Community Relationships Assessment

The nurse observes the interactions within a patient's family and community to understand how relationships affect health and wellbeing.

Organismic Behavior

The concept that the human body functions as a unified whole, where all systems work together.

First belief of Organismic Behavior

Man responds as a unified whole, not as separate parts; the mind and body operate together.

Second belief of Organismic Behavior

Man is greater than the sum of his parts, like water is more than just hydrogen and oxygen.

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Fight or Flight Response

The body's response to stress, involving physiological changes like increased heart rate, breathing, and muscle tension.

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Body Systems Collaboration

The body's systems work together to protect the individual from danger or stress.

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Extraneous Variables in Response

Various factors other than the initial stimuli can influence a person's response, making them unpredictable.

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Varied and Numerous Responses

A person's responses are diverse and numerous due to the complexity of the human organism.

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Open System

A system that exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings. It's not isolated and continually interacts with its environment.

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Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes, like regulating temperature, blood sugar, and pH.

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Steady State

The state of balance within an organism where essential functions like temperature, blood sugar, and water levels are maintained.

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Closed System

A system that is self-contained and does not exchange matter or energy with its surroundings.

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Open System

A system exchanging matter and energy with its surroundings, constantly adapting to changing conditions.

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Metabolism

The process of converting food into usable energy.

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Energy-Matter Exchange

The exchange of energy, matter, or information between an organism and its environment.

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System

A system that includes interconnected parts working together for a shared purpose.

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Energy-Energy Exchange

When a stressor causes a change in energy levels without a change in matter.

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Energy-Matter Exchange

When a stressor causes a change in matter levels due to an energy response.

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Extraneous Variables

The influence of outside factors on an organism's response, making it difficult to predict.

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Matter-Matter Exchange

When a stressor involving matter causes a change in matter levels.

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Behavioral Features

The observable traits and actions that express how a person functions as a whole within their environment.

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Interrelatedness of Subsystems

The interconnectedness and interdependence of different systems within an organism.

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Man as a System

The human body functioning as a unified whole, where all systems are interdependent.

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What makes a human being irreplaceable?

A person's unique and irreplaceable identity that cannot be exchanged for another. While physical parts can be replaced, the essence of an individual remains unique.

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What is the focus of studying human behavior?

The study of how people interact with their environment, involving complex and variable responses.

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What is Organismic Behavior?

The concept that the body functions as a unified whole, where all systems work together to maintain balance and respond to stimuli.

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What is the fight-or-flight response?

The body's response to stress involving physiological changes like increased heart rate, breathing, and muscle tension. It's a survival mechanism.

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What are extraneous variables in response?

The influence of various factors beyond the initial stimulus on a person's response, making it difficult to predict.

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What is faith?

An unshakeable belief in someone or something, often involving complete trust and reliance.

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What do public health workers study?

How people behave in relation to current or potential health threats, including prevention and response strategies.

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What is the societal perspective on health crises?

The study of social patterns related to health crises, examining how societies respond to threats and challenges.

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Why is hope vital in healthcare?

The power of hope is essential in healthcare, often influencing a patient's well-being and recovery. It can even determine their acceptance of the dying process.

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What do law-enforcing agencies focus on?

The study of deviant or anti-social behavior, examining the causes and consequences of criminal activity.

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What is charity in healthcare?

Unselfish love that motivates actions to help others without expecting anything in return.

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How does our spiritual nature make us unique?

Even though we are biological beings, our spiritual nature makes us unique and more than just the sum of our parts.

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How are humans alike?

Man needs the same basic functions to survive, regardless of individual differences.

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What factors influence how humans live?

Heredity, environment, culture, and societal experiences all shape our lives, affecting our choices and actions.

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What common belief unites humanity?

Despite differing beliefs, many humans share a belief in a higher power guiding their destinies.

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Cell

The smallest functional unit of life, responsible for carrying out specific tasks, working together to create a functioning organism.

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Subordinate System

All the systems within a human, like the circulatory, digestive, and nervous systems, working together to maintain life.

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Superordinate System

Systems outside the individual, like family, community, and society, that influence a person's life.

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Interdependence of Systems

The concept that a human's physical systems and social interactions work together to ensure survival and well-being.

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Study Notes

Definition of Terms

  • Behavior: An individual's response to stimuli in their environment.
  • Community: A group of families living together with shared interests.
  • Culture: A pattern of human behavior and its products passed through generations (through tools, language, and thought).
  • Disease: A disruption of health caused by microorganisms, trauma, or bodily dysfunction (due to age, nutrition, or metabolism).
  • Family: A biological or sociological unit of parents and children (born or adopted).
  • Health: The optimal level of well-being enabling daily life activities.
  • Personality: Distinctive characteristics of an individual.
  • Religion: Belief in a Supreme Being or supernatural powers (including feelings, worship, and faith).
  • Society: A group of individuals with organized relationships through interaction.

The Study of Man

  • Atomistic Approach: Focuses on the structure and function of individual parts of the human body, starting with the cell. Also studying the component parts of cells.
  • Holistic Approach: Examines man as a whole organism with interdependent parts. Looks at how man's behavior interacts with his environment.
  • Organismic Behavior: Emphasizes the holistic view that man reacts as a unified whole, not as isolated parts, in response to stimuli. Man's body and mind operate as a whole rather than separately.
    • This is different than the atomistic approach which studies each component independently.
  • Man as a System: Highlights the interdependence of bodily systems and their interaction with the environment. Two systems are detailed:
    • Closed system: A self-sufficient system with no outside influence, eventually failing to function
    • Open system: A system exchanging energy, matter, and information with the surroundings, reacting to and influencing the environment.

Man as a Biological Being

  • Man is a composite of interdependent, interconnected parts (cells, organs, systems).
  • Man is influenced by his genetics, environment, culture, and societal interactions.
  • These factors create a unique combination of experiences and responses that distinguish each individual from others.

Man as a Psycho-Social Being

  • Man is a unique, irreplaceable individual with a certain degree of immaturity.
  • Man is capable of relating, liking, and loving other individuals.
  • Human behavior is influenced by internal and external forces, with a focus on how man responds to these stimuli.

Man as a Spiritual Being

  • Man transcends biological and social limitations through spiritual aspects.
  • The concept of intellect and will assists man in finding truth and purpose.
  • The need for freedom, belief, and hope assists man in overcoming hardship and obstacles.
  • Spiritual beliefs vary amongst people, but faith, charity, and hope are universal human qualities and beliefs which are central to overcoming obstacles.

Summary

  • Man's nature combines biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects.
  • He is a complex organism influenced by heredity, environment, culture, and societal experiences.
  • Man's reaction to stimuli is greatly influenced by his psycho-social and spiritual nature.

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Explore essential definitions related to human behavior, health, and society. This quiz covers terms such as behavior, culture, and community, providing a comprehensive understanding of the foundational concepts in human studies.

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