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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of neutrons in one atom of carbon with a mass number of 13?

  • 5
  • 7 (correct)
  • 8
  • 6

How many neutrons are present in an atom with a mass number of 56 and an atomic number of 26?

  • 24
  • 30 (correct)
  • 36
  • 26

What is the complete symbol for the atom with an atomic number of 92 and a mass number of 233?

  • He-92
  • U-235
  • Cl-233
  • U-233 (correct)

If yellow light emitted from a sodium lamp has a wavelength of 580 nm, what is its frequency?

<p>5.17 x 10^14 s^-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

<p>Mass number - Atomic number = Neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of light in meters corresponding to 580 nm?

<p>580 x 10^-9 m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of the element beryllium?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 3 x 10^15 Hz?

<p>1.24 x 10^-18 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are present in a neutral atom of copper?

<p>29 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic configuration of the element with atomic number 29?

<p>1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 1 3d 10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following orbitals cannot exist?

<p>1p (A), 3f (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the number of electrons in the O2+ ion.

<p>15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible value of l for an orbital with n = 3?

<p>0 (A), 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct set of quantum numbers for a 3d electron.

<p>n = 3, l = 2, m = -1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following quantum numbers set is impossible?

<p>n = 0, l = 0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the orbital designation for an electron with quantum numbers n = 4, l = 2?

<p>4d (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct equation to express the number of neutrons present in an ion if the variable x represents the number of electrons?

<p>1.111x (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an ion has a mass number of 56 and contains 3 positive charges, how is the number of electrons in the neutral atom determined?

<p>x + 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the mass number is 56, how is the number of protons calculated from the variable x representing electrons?

<p>x + 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of radiation frequencies from lowest to highest based on the provided types?

<p>radiation from FM radio &lt; amber light &lt; radiation from microwave oven &lt; X-rays &lt; cosmic rays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would the wavelength be calculated as increasing for different types of radiation?

<p>cosmic rays &lt; X-rays &lt; radiation from microwave oven &lt; amber light &lt; radiation from FM radio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of an ion that has 30.4% more neutrons than electrons and contains 3 units of positive charge?

<p>56 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating the power of a laser, which equation incorporates Planck's constant, velocity of radiation, and wavelength?

<p>E = N * h * c / λ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculated power of a nitrogen laser that emits 5.6 x 10^24 photons at a wavelength of 337.1 nm?

<p>3.3 x 10^6 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the work function for silver metal when the applied voltage is 0.35 V and the energy of the photon is 4.83 eV?

<p>4.48 eV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a photon with a wavelength of 150 pm strikes an atom and ejects an electron with a kinetic energy of 1.5 x 10^7 ms^-1, how much energy binds the electron to the nucleus?

<p>7.6 x 10^16 J (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Paschen series, which orbit does the transition start from if it ends at orbit n = 3?

<p>n = 5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the transition in the Paschen series represented by v = 3.29 x 10^15 (Hz) [1/32 – 1/n^2] for n = 5?

<p>3.29 x 10^15 Hz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does the radiation corresponding to a wavelength of 1285 nm lie in?

<p>Infrared region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the radius of the initial orbit is 1.3225 nm and ends at 211.6 pm, which series does this transition belong to?

<p>Paschen series (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total energy of the photon incident with a wavelength of 256.7 nm?

<p>4.83 eV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the kinetic energy of a photoelectron if the applied voltage is 0.35 V?

<p>0.35 eV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the longest wavelength doublet absorption transition observed at 589 nm?

<p>$5.093 \times 10^{14} s^{-1}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold wavelength for the caesium atom with a work function of 1.9 eV?

<p>653 nm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectron when caesium is irradiated with a wavelength of 500 nm?

<p>$9.3149 \times 10^{-20} J$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold frequency ($\nu_0$) for caesium with a work function of 1.9 eV?

<p>$4.593 \times 10^{14} s^{-1}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Planck's constant derived from the experimentation with sodium metal?

<p>$6.66 \times 10^{-34} J s$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculated velocity of the ejected photoelectron from caesium when irradiated with a 500 nm wavelength?

<p>$4.52 \times 10^{5} m/s$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the wavelength used is 500 nm for the photoelectric effect, what is the photon energy?

<p>$3.98 \times 10^{-19} J$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the sodium metal irradiation, what is the measured velocity at 450 nm?

<p>$4.35 \times 10^{-5} m/s$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which orbital experiences a greater effective nuclear charge between 2s and 3s?

<p>2s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of orbitals will experience the larger effective nuclear charge?

<p>4d and 4f (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among silicon and aluminum, which element's 3p electrons experience a more effective nuclear charge?

<p>Silicon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many unpaired electrons are present in phosphorus (P)?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic configuration of silicon (Si)?

<p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the following unpaired electrons: 2?

<p>Silicon (Si) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by effective nuclear charge?

<p>The net positive charge acting on an electron in an orbital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following orbitals is farther from the nucleus?

<p>4f (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mass number

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

Atomic number

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus

Neutrons

Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus

Calculating neutrons

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

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Atomic Symbol

A representation of an atom using its element symbol and mass and atomic numbers

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Frequency (ν)

Number of wave cycles passing a given point per unit of time.

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Wavelength (λ)

Distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave

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Wavenumber (ν⁻¹)

Number of waves per unit length. Reciprocal of wavelength

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Energy of a photon

Energy of a single particle of light.

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Threshold Wavelength

The minimum wavelength of light required to eject an electron from a metal surface.

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Threshold Frequency

The minimum frequency of light required to eject an electron from a metal surface.

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Work Function (W₀)

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a metal surface.

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Kinetic Energy (KE) of photoelectron

The energy of the electron after it has been ejected from the metal surface.

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Frequency of Transition

Number of wave cycles passing a given point per unit of time for a specific absorption wavelength

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Energy Difference Between Excited States

Difference in energy between two excited energy levels in an atom calculated using Planck's constant and the frequency difference of wavelengths.

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Mass number calculation

Calculating mass number involves summing the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Calculating Protons

Calculating the number of protons in an atom, involves knowing the ion's total positive charge and the number of electrons that compensate it.

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Electron-Neutrons Relation

If an ion has additional neutrons compared to the total number of electrons, then it should be compensated by compensating charge in positive/negative.

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Calculating Neutrons

Neutrons calculation involves the use of a percentage in number of neutrons with respect to the number of electrons.

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Ion Symbol Representation

Represents an atom or molecule with a net positive or negative charge.

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Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency

Different types of electromagnetic radiation exhibit distinct frequencies in increasing order. It's a spectrum of varying energy waves.

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Photoelectric Effect Work Function

The minimum energy needed to eject an electron from a metal surface using photons.

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Photon Energy Calculation

Energy of a photon is calculated using the formula E = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength of the photon.

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Kinetic Energy of Photoelectron

The energy of a photoelectron after it is ejected from a metal surface by a photon, calculated as the difference between the incident photon's energy and the work function.

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Binding Energy Calculation

Calculating the energy required to remove an inner electron from an atom using the difference between incident photon energy and the electron's kinetic energy.

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Paschen Series

A series of spectral lines in the hydrogen atom's emission spectrum where electrons transition to n = 3.

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Spectral Line Wavelength Calculation

Calculating the wavelength of a spectral line using the Rydberg formula or related equations involving frequency, energy and wavelength.

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Spectral Region Determination

Determining the region of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g., visible, infrared, ultraviolet) based on the wavelength of the emitted radiation.

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Electron Transition Radius

Describes the relationship between the energy levels of an electron and the radius of its orbit.

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Electron Configuration (atomic number 29)

The arrangement of electrons in the energy levels and sublevels of an atom with 29 protons. In this instance, it is Copper (Cu)

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Number of Protons (Neutral Atom)

In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

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Electron in H2+

H2+ has one electron.

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Electron in H2

H2 has two electrons

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Electron in O2+

O2+ has 15 electrons.

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Possible Values of 'l' (n=3)

For n = 3, the possible values of 'l' are 0, 1, and 2.

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Possible Values of ml (n=3, l=2)

For l = 2, the possible values of ml are – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2.

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Possible Quantum Numbers (3d orbital)

For a 3d orbital, n = 3 and l = 2, ml = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2

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Invalid Orbital (1p)

The 1p orbital is not possible.

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Invalid Orbital (3f)

The 3f orbital is not possible.

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Valid Orbital (2s)

The 2s orbital is possible.

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Valid Orbital (2p)

The 2p orbital is possible.

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Effective Nuclear Charge

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom

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Orbital Distance and Nuclear Charge

Electrons closer to the nucleus experience a stronger nuclear pull

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Shielding Effect

Inner electrons reduce the effect of the positive nuclear charge on outer electrons.

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3p orbital and Nuclear Charge

Electrons in 4p orbitals experience the lowest effective nuclear charge due to shielding

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Comparing 2s and 3s orbitals

2s electrons experience a greater effective nuclear charge due to being closer to the nucleus

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Comparing 4d and 4f orbitals

4d orbital experiences greater effective nuclear charge as it's closer to the nucleus than the 4f orbital.

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Comparing 3d and 3p orbitals

3p orbitals experience a greater effective nuclear charge, as they are closer to the nucleus.

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Nuclear charge and atomic number

Greater atomic number means a greater nuclear charge, so electrons experience more pull.

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Unpaired electrons in Al and Si

Silicon's 3p electrons experience a higher effective nuclear charge due to its higher atomic number (14 protons) compared to Aluminium (13 protons).

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Study Notes

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