Study Guide on Speed, Kinetic, and Potential Energy

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of speed?

Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time.

What is the speed of a car that traveled 30 miles in 30 minutes?

60 miles per hour

What is the speed of a cheetah that ran 450 meters in 14 seconds?

32.14 meters per second

What is the speed of a rabbit that ran 100 meters in 12 seconds?

8.33 meters per second Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of a human who ran 1 mile in 0.1 hours?

10 miles per hour Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of a marble that rolled 100 cm in 1.13 seconds?

88.50 centimeters per second Signup and view all the answers

What are 5 features of a typical car that improve safety?

<ol> <li>Airbags 2. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) 3. Seatbelts 4. Crumple Zones 5. Electronic Stability Control (ESC)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical process did you use to find the average speed during the speed lab?

I calculated the average by summing the speeds from each trial and then dividing by the number of trials. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average speed for a marble that traveled 200 cm over the trials: 1.5 seconds, 2.1 seconds, 1.8 seconds, and 1.9 seconds?

111.11 centimeters per second Signup and view all the answers

Identify the speed graph for a person who drove at a constant speed then got caught in slow moving traffic.

Graph A Signup and view all the answers

Identify the speed graph for a person who drove a little ways toward work but got stopped at a stoplight and then turned around.

Graph B Signup and view all the answers

Identify the speed graph for a person who immediately got caught in traffic, then the traffic ended and they were able to speed up.

Graph C Signup and view all the answers

Identify the speed graph for a person who started driving toward work but felt sick and stopped for a few minutes.

Graph D Signup and view all the answers

Create a motion graph to show a trip where Gavin drove the first 3 miles toward work in 6 minutes, sat at a stoplight for 2 minutes, and then took 4 minutes to drive back 1 mile.

The motion graph will show a line for the initial trip, a flat line during the stoplight, and a backward slope for the return. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how potential and kinetic energy are related.

Potential energy can convert to kinetic energy and vice versa. Signup and view all the answers

Label the different phases of the roller coaster’s energy.

<ol> <li>Greatest Kinetic Energy, Least Potential Energy 2. Equal Kinetic and Potential Energy 3. Least Kinetic Energy, Greatest Potential Energy</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six types of potential energy?

<ol> <li>Gravitational Potential Energy 2. Elastic Potential Energy 3. Chemical Potential Energy 4. Electrical Potential Energy 5. Nuclear Potential Energy 6. Magnetic Potential Energy</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Choose 2 types of potential energy and give an example of each.

<ol> <li>Type: Gravitational Potential Energy; Example: A rock at the edge of a cliff. 2. Type: Elastic Potential Energy; Example: A drawn bowstring.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 types of kinetic energy?

<ol> <li>Mechanical Kinetic Energy 2. Thermal Kinetic Energy 3. Electrical Kinetic Energy 4. Radiant Kinetic Energy 5. Acoustic Kinetic Energy</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Choose 2 types of kinetic energy and give an example for each.

<ol> <li>Type: Mechanical Kinetic Energy; Example: A moving car. 2. Type: Thermal Kinetic Energy; Example: Molecules vibrating in heat.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the types of potential and kinetic energy in the example of a cross country runner who prepares for a long run.

Potential Energy: Chemical Energy from food; Kinetic Energy: Energy used while running. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Speed and Definitions

Speed is defined as the distance an object travels per unit of time.
Example of speed calculation: Distance divided by time.

Object Speed Calculations

A car traveling 30 miles in 30 minutes has a speed of 60 miles per hour.
A cheetah running 450 meters in 14 seconds averages a speed of approximately 32.14 meters per second.
A rabbit running 100 meters in 12 seconds has a speed of about 8.33 meters per second.
A human running 1 mile in 0.1 hours (6 minutes) has a speed of 10 miles per hour.
A marble rolling 100 cm in 1.13 seconds has a speed of around 88.50 cm/s.

Car Safety Features

Crumple zones: Absorb energy during a collision to minimize impact on occupants.
Airbags: Inflate upon impact to cushion passengers and reduce injuries.
Anti-lock braking system (ABS): Prevents wheels from locking up during braking, improving control.
Stability control: Helps prevent skidding and loss of control in slippery conditions.
reinforced cabin/structure: Protects occupants by maintaining the integrity of the passenger area during an accident.

Average Speed Calculation

To find average speed in experiments, total distance is divided by total time taken across trials.

Marble Speed Average Calculation

Average speed for multiple trials can be determined by adding speeds from each trial and dividing by the number of trials.

Speed Graph Identification

Graph A: Represents constant speed followed by slow traffic.
Graph B: Shows initial travel, stopping for a light, turning around, and continuing after retrieving something.
Graph C: Illustrates initial traffic, followed by acceleration when traffic clears.
Graph D: Depicts a trip to work with a stop due to feeling unwell and returning home.

Motion Graph Example

Gavin's trip includes moving to work, stopping at a light, and a U-turn; this can be represented by a graph showing distance over time with intervals for stops.

Potential and Kinetic Energy Relationship

Potential energy is stored energy based on an object's position, while kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object. They can convert into one another; for example, a falling object changes potential energy into kinetic energy.

Roller Coaster Energy Phases

Positions along the roller coaster illustrate varying energy types:
- Greatest Kinetic Energy at the lowest point.
- Least Potential Energy at the lowest point.
- Equal Kinetic and Potential Energy at midpoints.
- Least Kinetic Energy, Greatest Potential Energy at the highest points.

Types of Potential Energy

Gravitational potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Chemical potential energy
Electrical potential energy
Nuclear potential energy
Magnetic potential energy

Potential Energy Examples

Gravitational Potential Energy: A book on a shelf.
Elastic Potential Energy: A stretched rubber band.

Types of Kinetic Energy

Mechanical kinetic energy
Thermal kinetic energy
Electrical kinetic energy
Sound kinetic energy
Radiant kinetic energy

Kinetic Energy Examples

Mechanical Kinetic Energy: A moving car.
Thermal Kinetic Energy: Heat from boiling water.

Types of Energy in Cross Country Runner Example

Potential Energy is present in the food consumed, providing energy for the run.
Kinetic Energy is evidenced during the run, particularly during the climb and descent of trails.

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Description

This study guide covers essential concepts related to speed, kinetic energy, and potential energy. Answer questions in detail to demonstrate your understanding of these topics. It's structured to aid in preparation for related assessments.