Stuart Kings and the Restoration Period

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Questions and Answers

What major political structure was established after the reign of Oliver Cromwell?

  • A theocracy
  • A dictatorship
  • A constitutional monarchy (correct)
  • A military junta

What significant action did Charles I take in 1629 that escalated tensions with Parliament?

  • He imposed heavy taxation without Parliament's consent (correct)
  • He executed leading Puritan leaders
  • He declared war on Scotland
  • He disbanded the Anglican Church

Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Realm?

  • Richard Cromwell (correct)
  • Charles II
  • James II
  • Charles I

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Charles I and Parliament during his reign?

<p>Charles I often dissolved Parliament and ruled without its consent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Oliver Cromwell's army known for during the English Civil War?

<p>Defeating the Royalists in 1645 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Constitutional Monarchy

A form of government where the monarch's power is limited by a constitution, typically a parliament.

Charles I's Dissolution of Parliament

In 1629, Charles I dissolved Parliament and began ruling without its consent, imposing taxes on his own authority, creating a huge conflict with the Parliament.

Richard Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell's son, Richard, briefly succeeded him as Lord Protector after Cromwell's death in 1658.

English Civil War

The English Civil War marked a period of intense conflict between the Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, and the Royalists, led by King Charles I.

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Parliamentarian Victory at Naseby

Oliver Cromwell's army gained a decisive victory over the Royalists at the Battle of Naseby in 1645, a pivotal moment in the English Civil War.

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Study Notes

Stuart Kings and the Restoration Period

  • The Stuart Kings' reign initiated in 1603 with James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England and Ireland.
  • The Restoration refers to the period when Charles II regained the throne after a 20-year Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell.

Key Events and Figures

  • Charles I ruled from 1625 to 1649 and was known for his oppressive policies, even more so than his father James I.
  • He dissolved Parliament in 1629 and attempted to impose heavy taxation, which sparked unrest among the Puritans.
  • Notable tensions emerged as a result of Charles I's Catholic tendencies, alienating Puritans who sought religious reform.

The English Civil War

  • The conflict ignited in 1642 between Royalists (supporters of the King) and Puritans, leading to a civil war.
  • The Puritans rejected the Anglican Church for not going far enough in reforms aimed at Christianity.

Outcome of the Civil War

  • In 1645, Oliver Cromwell's army defeated King Charles I.
  • King Charles I was executed in 1649 after a trial, marking a significant moment in British history.

Cromwell's Leadership

  • After the execution, Cromwell took on the role of leader of the Council of State and became the Lord Protector of the Realm.

Transition to Monarchy

  • Cromwell died in 1658, and his son Richard briefly succeeded him, but the country fell into political confusion.
  • This unstable environment paved the way for the monarchy's return in 1660 when Charles II returned from exile in France.
  • Charles II accepted the principle of constitutional monarchy, restoring royal authority within a framework of law.

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