STS Finals: Chapter Tests 7-12 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

All of the following stem cells have the ability to differentiate into specialized cells with specific functions EXCEPT:

  • None: all are included (correct)
  • Epithelial
  • Mesenchymal
  • Hematopoietic

    • Which step in the CAR T cell therapy involved the creation of chimeric antigen receptors on the surface of T cells?

    Engineering

    Which of the four basic principles in medical ethics promotes well-being?

    Beneficence

    All of the following are included in an ex vivo gene therapy except _____:

    <p>Direct administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an ethical concern of gene therapy?

    <p>Rights and special protection for chimeric entities possessing certain degree of intelligence or sentience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Since the 1880s, the average global surface temperature has risen about _______ Fahrenheit.

    <p>2 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are the factors responsible for sea level rise except:

    <p>Overpopulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are climatic indicators of the El Niño phenomenon in the Philippines except:

    <p>Heavy rains that trigger floods and landslides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the deadliest Philippine typhoon that claimed more than 6300 lives?

    <p>Yolanda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?

    <p>Solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes renewable energy?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is developing renewable energy important to life on Earth?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of renewable energy comes from tapping heat generated inside the Earth?

    <p>Geothermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you are using biomass as a source of energy, you might be: ____

    <p>Heating with natural gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The greenhouse effect is caused by: ____

    <p>Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these natural events affect the climate?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the climate becomes warmer, sea levels will: ____

    <p>Rise, both because of ice melting and because of water expanding when it gets warmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Global warming is: ____

    <p>The rise in temperatures due to human activities increasing the greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The El Niño phenomenon occurs in: ____

    <p>The Pacific Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is (are) the anticipated effect(s) of global warming?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Certain gases in the atmosphere - water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are called: ____

    <p>Greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon dioxide gets into the air from:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of sources of energy do not produce carbon dioxide?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ can cause global warming.

    <p>Forest fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The UDHR was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on: ____

    <p>10 December 1948</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Article 4 of the UDHR states that humans should: ____

    <p>Not be forced to slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many articles does the UDHR contain?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article of the UDHR states our right to culture and science?

    <p>Article 27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article of the ICESCR Covenant recognizes the right to culture and science?

    <p>Article 15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ICESCR Covenant was adopted on: ____

    <p>16 December 1966</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of their involvement in science, the majority of the general public are: ____

    <p>Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upholding the right to science is a burden of: ____

    <p>Scientists and policy-makers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The four standard principles considered in making ethical decisions in medicine are: ____

    <p>Autonomy, beneficence, justice, non-maleficence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a role of codes of ethics?

    <p>Protect professionals in case of misconduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ethical guideline that arose from the proceedings of the famed doctors' trial in 1945 is the: ____

    <p>Nuremberg Code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view in technology considers the dynamic interactions between technology and social values as a complex web?

    <p>Pluralist view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the ethical matrix as a tool to assist in ethical judgments?

    <p>Ben Mepham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principles being considered by the ethical matrix are the following except for:

    <p>Cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term roboethics was coined by: ____

    <p>Gianmarco Veruggio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The philosopher who developed the device paradigm is: ____

    <p>Alber Borgmann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following technologies were considered by Kurzweil and Joy as capable of threatening the survival of humanity except for:

    <p>Integrated circuit (IC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sophia the AI robot was granted citizenship in what country?

    <p>Saudi Arabia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Unimate was developed by: ____

    <p>George Devol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Robots capable of interacting with humans are called: ____

    <p>Social robots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Information age is also known as: ____

    <p>Computer age/Digital age/New media age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    He is considered as the father of the information age:

    <p>James Messenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first electronic general-purpose computer is known as: ____

    <p>ENIAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding ENIAC?

    <p>All of these are true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is considered as the first commercial mobile phone?

    <p>DynaTAC 8000X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the World Wide Web (WWW)?

    <p>Tim Berners-Lee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding a server?

    <p>Contains a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from 4 to 200 users simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The generic term for a user's machine or client's machine is: ____

    <p>Workstation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is correctly paired for the invention and the inventor?

    <p>Fuji DS - 1P - Steve Sasson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be done using one of the first commercial smartphones in 1994?

    <p>All of these are possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Philippines was the first ASEAN country to possess a supercomputer. Which of the following is true?

    <p>All of these are true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which among the following is a social networking platform and niche resource for small business owners, entrepreneurs, and managers?

    <p>BizSugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most popular social media or social networking site according to the survey in 2019?

    <p>Facebook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statistics is true based on the result of a survey in 2019?

    <p>All of these are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 2019 survey, what country topped the worldwide social media users?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Republic Act No. 10173 is known as the: ____

    <p>Data Privacy Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered as a cyber crime?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true? I. The Data Privacy Act is a law that seeks to protect all forms of information, be it private, personal, or sensitive. II. The Cybercrime Prevention Act is a law that seeks to address legal issues concerning internet usage and online interactions in the Philippines. III. The Anti-Distracted Driving Act aims to prohibit the use of mobile phones, texting, talking, or surfing while in control of an automobile.

    <p>I, II, and III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following definitions is correct?

    <p>All of these are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is related to information overload?

    <p>None is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variability among living organisms in an ecosystem includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. This term is known as: ____

    <p>Biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is commonly measured by counting all species in an area. ____

    <p>Species richness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A natural coral predator and an important indicator species in coral reef assessment is known as: ____

    <p>Crown-of-thorns starfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This refers to the living components in an ecosystem. ____

    <p>Biotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A high number of this species can help in the prediction of a low turnout in rice harvest. ____

    <p>Golden snails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is defined as the relative proportions of different species in an ecosystem. ____

    <p>Relative abundance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is a discipline which attempts to understand the complex web of linkages, relationships, and interdependencies in the ecosystem or environment. ____

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It determines the biological organization of a community. ____

    <p>Trophic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It encompasses the biotic and abiotic components in an environment, as well as their relationship and interactions. It provides habitats to various organisms. ____

    <p>Ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It refers to the variation in the genes of a species of individuals as well as how they are closely related to the members of a species in an environment. ____

    <p>Genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It relates to the manner by which species behave, obtain food, and use the natural resources in an ecosystem. ____

    <p>Functional diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These services are the result of the functions and processes of ecological systems. ____

    <p>Ecosystem services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is caused by microorganisms and is responsible for the sustainability of various processes, such as oil extraction and agriculture production. ____

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is caused by anthropogenic activities that result in an unnatural increase in the concentration of environmental compounds that destroy habitats and consequently cause the loss of biodiversity. ____

    <p>Global climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is the biggest threat to biodiversity, and the number one reason species go extinct. ____

    <p>Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following invasive alien species is recognized as 'ecosystem engineer' or 'invasive habitat modifier'?

    <p>Water hyacinth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an endangered species in the Philippines?

    <p>I only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true? I. The Philippines is considered a mega-diversity country II. The Philippines is considered a biodiversity hotspot III. The Philippines contains two-thirds of the Earth's biodiversity and 70 percent of the world's fauna and flora.

    <p>I, II, and III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'Biodiversity Hotspot' specifically refers to the: ____

    <p>25 biologically rich areas around the world that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices can help protect our native habitat and biodiversity?

    <p>I, II, and III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic ethical concern in genetically modified organisms?

    <p>Redefinition of the term 'normal' in light of the transgenic interventions undertaken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Corn, soybean, oilseed rape, and cotton are among the genetically modified crops approved in the Philippines for: ____

    <p>Direct use or processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is considered the largest producer of genetically modified crops around the world?

    <p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetically modified trait was developed to obtain Bt corn?

    <p>Insect resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic engineering belongs to what distinct stage of biotechnology?

    <p>Modern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The father/s of genetic engineering is/are: ____

    <p>Berg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ______, the Asilomar Conference was held to discuss the recombinant DNA research guidelines.

    <p>1975</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The moratorium in recombinant DNA research was implemented: ____

    <p>Between 1974 and 1975</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The GMO Rules in the Philippines is otherwise known as: ____

    <p>Administrative Order No. 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Philippines signed the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety last: ____

    <p>2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gene therapy involves the degradation of mRNA?

    <p>Gene silencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following genetic diseases can be possibly treated through gene addition EXCEPT:

    <p>Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key aspect in gene therapy administration makes use of a vector?

    <p>Mode of delivery of the working copy of the gene to the affected cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Germline gene therapy involves all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>Somatic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following stem cells are considered pluripotent, EXCEPT:

    <p>Neural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Climate Change and Environmental Concerns

    • Average global surface temperature increased by 2 degrees Fahrenheit since the 1880s.
    • Sea level rise factors include melting glaciers, thermal expansion from warming, and global temperature increase; overpopulation is not a direct cause.
    • El Niño in the Philippines leads to typical climatic indicators like delayed rainy seasons and reduced tropical cyclones; heavy rains are not necessarily a indicator.
    • Typhoon Yolanda was the deadliest in the Philippines, resulting in over 6,300 fatalities.

    Renewable Energy

    • Solar power is a prime example of renewable energy sources.
    • Renewable energy is characterized by a lack of reliance on fossil fuels and includes forms that are sustainable and generate minimal pollution.
    • Developing renewable energy is crucial to prevent depletion of other energy sources and enhance environmental health.

    Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming

    • Greenhouse effect is driven by gases like carbon dioxide absorbing solar radiation.
    • Global warming results from human activities increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases.
    • Rising sea levels are a consequence of land ice melting and ocean water expansion due to warmth.

    Biodiversity and Ecosystems

    • Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within ecosystems, which includes species richness and the relative abundance of different species.
    • Habitat destruction remains the leading threat to biodiversity, contributing significantly to species extinction.
    • Endangered species in the Philippines include the Cebu brown dove and alligator snapping turtle.

    Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

    • The Asilomar Conference in 1975 led to discussions on guidelines for recombinant DNA research.
    • Genetic engineering is considered a modern form of biotechnology; the father of genetic engineering is Berg.
    • The Administrative Order No. 8 governs the rules on genetically modified organisms (GMO) in the Philippines.

    Ethical Considerations in Medicine and Technology

    • Ethical principles in medical decisions include autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence.
    • The Nuremberg Code, developed after the doctors' trial in 1945, set forth ethical guidelines concerning human subjects in research.
    • An ethical concern of gene therapy does not include rights for chimeric entities with intelligence or sentience.

    Information Technology

    • The information age, also termed the digital age, is characterized by the proliferation of digital technologies and networking.
    • ENIAC is recognized as the first electronic general-purpose computer, contributing significantly to computational power.
    • Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing the World Wide Web, revolutionizing information access and communication.

    Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

    • The Data Privacy Act (Republic Act No. 10173) safeguards personal information.
    • Cybercrime encompasses activities such as hacking, spamming, and phishing.
    • Information overload refers to the overwhelming amount of information available, highlighting the need for effective data management.

    Cultural and Scientific Rights

    • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) emphasizes the right to not be subjected to slavery and recognizes the importance of cultural and scientific rights.
    • The right to science is upheld by scientists and policymakers in ensuring that scientific endeavors benefit society.

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    Prepare for your STS finals with these flashcards covering Chapters 7-12. Each card presents key concepts and definitions to help deepen your understanding of climate change, sea level rise, and more. Ace your exams with these handy study aids!

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