Structured Query Language (SQL) Overview
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Structured Query Language (SQL) Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is SQL?

SQL is a programming language designed to manage data in a relational database.

Which of the following are components of SQL?

  • SSL - Secure Sockets Layer
  • DML - Data Manipulation Language (correct)
  • DCL - Data Control Language (correct)
  • DDL - Data Definition Language (correct)
  • T-SQL commands may vary slightly from ANSI-SQL.

    True

    What is an example of a DDL statement?

    <p>CREATE TABLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DML stand for?

    <p>Data Manipulation Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common SQL data type for character strings?

    <p>char(n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SQL statement is used to delete data?

    <p>DELETE FROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SQL commands are generally written in _______.

    <p>all caps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following SQL commands to their functions:

    <p>INSERT = Add new data to a table SELECT = Retrieve data from a table UPDATE = Modify existing data DELETE = Remove data from a table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DCL stand for?

    <p>Data Control Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Structured Query Language (SQL)

    • SQL is a programming language designed to manage data in a relational database
    • It uses simple declarative statements
    • Standard, but with multiple versions and dialects

    Components of SQL

    • Data Definition Language (DDL)
      • Creates, modifies, and deletes database structures
      • Used to create tables, indexes, and views.
    • Data Manipulation Language (DML)
      • Used to retrieve, add, delete, and update data in tables
      • Examples include INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, and SELECT statements
    • Data Control Language (DCL)
      • Used to control access and permissions to the database
      • Examples include GRANT and REVOKE statements

    SQL Reserved Words

    • There is a list of reserved words in SQL
    • Comparison operators such as = (equal to) are commonly used

    Common Data Types

    • Character Strings:

      • char(n): Fixed-length string with consistent size
      • varchar(n): Variable-length string with varying size
    • Exact Numerics:

      • tinyint: Stores small integer values between 0 and 255.
      • smallint: Stores integer values between -32,768 and 32,767.
      • int: Stores larger integer values.
      • bigint: Stores even larger integer values.
      • decimal(p, s): Stores decimal numbers with specified precision (p) and scale (s).
    • Dates and Times:

      • date: Stores dates in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD'.

    Creating Tables

    • Relational Schema Design:
      • Focus on defining relationships between tables
      • Identify primary keys (PKs) and foreign keys (FKs) to establish links
    • Example:
      • EMPLOYEE table stores employee information with columns like enum, ename, salary, and floor.
      • PROJECT table stores project details with pnum, pname, and leader.
      • WORKS_ON table connects employees to projects.

    SQL Style Guide

    • Table Names and SQL Reserved Words:
      • Use all uppercase letters, separate words with underscores (e.g., EMPLOYEE).
    • Attribute Names:
      • Use lowercase letters and underscores to separate words (e.g., ename).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of Structured Query Language (SQL), including its components such as DDL, DML, and DCL. Test your knowledge on SQL reserved words, common data types, and how this language is utilized to manage relational databases.

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