Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is SQL?
SQL is a programming language designed to manage data in a relational database.
Which of the following are components of SQL?
T-SQL commands may vary slightly from ANSI-SQL.
True
What is an example of a DDL statement?
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What does DML stand for?
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Which of the following is a common SQL data type for character strings?
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Which SQL statement is used to delete data?
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SQL commands are generally written in _______.
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Match the following SQL commands to their functions:
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What does DCL stand for?
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Study Notes
Structured Query Language (SQL)
- SQL is a programming language designed to manage data in a relational database
- It uses simple declarative statements
- Standard, but with multiple versions and dialects
Components of SQL
-
Data Definition Language (DDL)
- Creates, modifies, and deletes database structures
- Used to create tables, indexes, and views.
-
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
- Used to retrieve, add, delete, and update data in tables
- Examples include INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, and SELECT statements
-
Data Control Language (DCL)
- Used to control access and permissions to the database
- Examples include GRANT and REVOKE statements
SQL Reserved Words
- There is a list of reserved words in SQL
- Comparison operators such as = (equal to) are commonly used
Common Data Types
-
Character Strings:
- char(n): Fixed-length string with consistent size
- varchar(n): Variable-length string with varying size
-
Exact Numerics:
- tinyint: Stores small integer values between 0 and 255.
- smallint: Stores integer values between -32,768 and 32,767.
- int: Stores larger integer values.
- bigint: Stores even larger integer values.
- decimal(p, s): Stores decimal numbers with specified precision (p) and scale (s).
-
Dates and Times:
- date: Stores dates in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD'.
Creating Tables
-
Relational Schema Design:
- Focus on defining relationships between tables
- Identify primary keys (PKs) and foreign keys (FKs) to establish links
-
Example:
-
EMPLOYEE
table stores employee information with columns likeenum
,ename
,salary
, andfloor
. -
PROJECT
table stores project details withpnum
,pname
, andleader
. -
WORKS_ON
table connects employees to projects.
-
SQL Style Guide
-
Table Names and SQL Reserved Words:
- Use all uppercase letters, separate words with underscores (e.g., EMPLOYEE).
-
Attribute Names:
- Use lowercase letters and underscores to separate words (e.g., ename).
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Structured Query Language (SQL), including its components such as DDL, DML, and DCL. Test your knowledge on SQL reserved words, common data types, and how this language is utilized to manage relational databases.