Structure of the Earth Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the Earth is predominantly composed of iron and nickel?

  • Mantle
  • Crust
  • Outer core (correct)
  • Inner core
  • Which of the following is the most dense layer of the Earth?

  • Inner core (correct)
  • Outer core
  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • What is the primary composition of the Earth's mantle?

  • Silicon and Oxygen
  • Magnesium and Iron (correct)
  • Aluminum and Silicon
  • Iron and Nickel
  • Which feature is responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field?

    <p>Convection currents in the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Structure of the Earth

    • The Earth is divided into three main layers: the crust, mantle, and core, distinguished by their relative position, composition, and density.

    Crust

    • The outermost solid layer, varying in thickness from 5-70 km, with an average thickness of 35 km.
    • Composed of a variety of rocks, including granite, basalt, and sedimentary rocks.
    • Density: approximately 2.7-3.0 g/cm³.

    Mantle

    • Lies beneath the crust, extending from about 35 km to 2,900 km in depth.
    • Divided into the upper mantle and lower mantle, separated by a transition zone.
    • Composed primarily of hot, viscous rock (olivine, pyroxene, and garnet).
    • Density: increases with depth, ranging from 3.3 to 5.6 g/cm³.

    Outer Core

    • A liquid layer, 2,250 km thick, composed of a nickel-iron alloy.
    • Temperature: approximately 4,000-6,000°C (7,200-11,000°F).
    • Density: around 9.9-12.2 g/cm³.

    Inner Core

    • A solid, innermost layer, with a radius of approximately 1,220 km.
    • Composed primarily of iron (~85%) and nickel (~10%), with small amounts of lighter elements.
    • Temperature: approximately 5,000-6,000°C (9,000-11,000°F).
    • Density: around 12.8-13.1 g/cm³.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure of the Earth, including its layers, the mantle, and core. It explores their relative positions, compositions, and densities.

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