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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidneys?
What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidneys?
Cortical nephrons have longer loops of Henle than juxta medullary nephrons.
Cortical nephrons have longer loops of Henle than juxta medullary nephrons.
False
What is the collective term for the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule?
What is the collective term for the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule?
malpighian body
The ______ prevents large molecules and blood cells from entering the renal tubule.
The ______ prevents large molecules and blood cells from entering the renal tubule.
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Match the following nephron parts with their functions:
Match the following nephron parts with their functions:
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Study Notes
Overview of Nephrons
- Each kidney contains approximately one million functional units called nephrons.
- Nephrons are primarily responsible for the filtration of blood.
Nephron Types
- Juxta medullary nephrons: Have a longer loop of Henle, extending deep into the medulla.
- Cortical nephrons: Have a shorter loop of Henle, limited to the cortex region.
Structure of a Juxta Medullary Nephron
- Composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Renal Corpuscle
- Comprised of a dense cluster of blood capillaries known as the glomerulus.
- The glomerulus is surrounded by a thin-walled covering called Bowman's capsule, collectively termed the Malpighian body.
- The glomerulus is a ball-like structure originating from the afferent arteriole.
- High blood volume and pressure enable efficient ultra-filtration in this area.
- Glomerular capillaries feature pores approximately 70 nm in diameter, preventing large molecules and blood cells from entering the tubule.
Renal Tubule
- Begins at Bowman's capsule and consists of various segments:
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): Highly convoluted, absorbs glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients from the filtrate.
- Descending limb: Descends toward Bowman's capsule and merges into the common duct known as the collecting duct.
- Ascending limb.
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Collecting Duct
- Functions as a common duct for multiple nephrons, directing urine towards the hilum.
- Urine is collected by the pelvis and ureter for removal from the body.
Blood Supply to Nephron
- The renal artery supplies blood to the nephron, forming smaller arterioles.
- The afferent arteriole gives rise to the densely packed efferent arteriole.
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Description
This quiz explores the structure and types of nephrons in the kidneys, detailing their functions and differences. Learn about the two main types: juxtamedullary and cortical nephrons, and how they contribute to blood filtration. Test your knowledge of nephron functionality and structure.
