Structure and Types of Blood Vessels

<p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precapillary sphincters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have small pores for greater permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20−30 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is composed of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport cholesterol to arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C-reactive protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth muscle cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By preventing the oxidation of LDLs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hardening of the foam cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate oxygen due to reduced blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transform into foam cells that promote inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinuous capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precapillary sphincters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unequal blood distribution based on tissue needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They ensure unidirectional flow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collapsing when cut due to thinner walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fenestrated capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significantly lower than arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flattening of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of fatty plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both increase as the body demands more oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By multiplying stroke volume by heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases at rest, leading to a lower resting heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of heart attacks and strokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troponin I</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MHR = 220 - age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counting beats for 6 seconds and multiplying by 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reperfusion injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60–75 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase due to anaerobic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous capillaries = Have adjacent cells close together; found in muscles and CNS Fenestrated capillaries = Have pores in vessel walls; found in kidneys and intestines Discontinuous capillaries = Have gaps between cells; found in bone marrow and liver Sinusoidal capillaries = Allow passage of large molecules; found in the liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle pumps = Muscles surrounding veins help propel blood Venous valves = Ensure unidirectional blood flow towards the heart Pressure changes during breathing = Flattening diaphragm increases abdominal pressure Gravity = Affects venous return especially in lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries = Thicker walls to withstand higher pressures Veins = Lower pressure and larger lumen than arteries Capillaries = Single layer of endothelial cells for exchange Venules = Drain blood from capillaries back to veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction = Reduces blood flow to certain areas Vasodilation = Increases blood flow to tissues Precapillary sphincters = Regulate blood flow into capillaries Atherosclerosis = Can reduce blood flow by forming plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries = Thick-walled; carry blood away from the heart Veins = Thinner walls; often have valves to prevent backflow Capillaries = Site of nutrient and gas exchange Arterioles = Regulate blood flow into capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contributes to heart attack and stroke = Responsible for 50% of deaths in these conditions Plaques protrude into vessel lumen = Can significantly reduce blood flow Plaque formation = Occurs in response to endothelial damage Hardening of arteries = Defined as arteriosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tunica externa = Outer layer; made of connective tissue Tunica media = Middle layer; composed of smooth muscle Tunica interna = Inner layer; consists of simple squamous epithelium Endothelium = A component of the tunica interna; lines the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fenestrated capillaries = Contain pores that allow for increased permeability Continuous capillaries = Have uninterrupted endothelial lining Sinusoidal capillaries = Larger gaps in the endothelial lining for larger molecules Precapillary sphincters = Regulate blood flow into capillary beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic arteries = Able to stretch and recoil; closest to the heart Muscular arteries = Contain more smooth muscle; regulate blood flow Arterioles = Smallest arteries; major site of vascular resistance Medium-sized arteries = Intermediate structure providing selective blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arterioles = Control blood flow to specific tissues Metarteriole = Connects arterioles to capillary beds Venules = Collect blood from capillaries, leading to veins Capillaries = Facilitate exchange of substances between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers