30 Questions
What is the primary function of histones in the nucleosome?
To provide a structural framework for the DNA to wrap around
What is the term used to describe the region where DNA is held with proteins in prokaryotes?
Nucleoid
What is the typical length of DNA helix found in a nucleosome?
200 bp
What is the term used to describe the structure formed by the coiling and condensation of chromatin fibers?
Chromosome
What is the main difference between the organisation of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Complexity of organisation
What is the term used to describe the repeating unit of chromatin?
Nucleosome
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Initiation, elongation, and termination
Why can translation begin before transcription is complete in bacteria?
Because transcription and translation occur in the same compartment
What is unique about mRNA in bacteria?
It does not require any processing to become active
What happens to the RNA polymerase when it reaches the terminator region?
It falls off, terminating transcription
How many RNA polymerases are found in the nucleus of eukaryotes?
Three
What is the result of the association of RNA polymerase with initiation-factor and termination-factor?
The RNA polymerase is able to initiate and terminate transcription
What is the preferred molecule for storing genetic information?
DNA
What is the primary function of RNA in the transmission of genetic information?
Transmitting genetic information
What is the evidence that suggests RNA was the first genetic material?
RNA can act as a genetic material and a catalyst
Why did DNA evolve from RNA?
RNA was too reactive and unstable
What is the advantage of DNA's double-stranded structure?
It resists changes by allowing repair
Who proposed the double helical structure for DNA and a scheme for replication?
Watson and Crick
What is the purpose of using different color schemes in DNA fingerprinting?
To trace the origin of each band in the gel
What is the function of RNA in genetic material?
Transferring and expressing genetic information
What is the characteristic feature of the double-stranded helical structure of DNA?
The hydrogen bonding between the bases from opposite strands
What is the significance of DNA being a better genetic material than RNA?
DNA is more stable and less prone to degradation
What is the process guided by complementary H-bonding in DNA replication?
Semiconservative replication
What is the rule for hydrogen bonding between bases in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine through two H-bonds, and Guanine with Cytosine through three H-bonds
Which RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing the precursor of mRNA?
RNA polymerase II
What is the purpose of the splicing process?
To remove introns and join exons in a defined order
What is added to the 5' end of hnRNA during capping?
A methyl guanosine triphosphate
What is the result of the splicing process?
A mature mRNA
What is the significance of the split-gene arrangement?
It is an ancient feature of the genome
What is the result of the tailing process?
The addition of adenylate residues to the 3' end of hnRNA
Learn about the organization of DNA in nucleoid regions of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including the role of histones and amino acid residues in DNA structure. Explore the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA organization. Test your knowledge of DNA structure and function!
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