Structure and Organization of DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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What is the primary function of histones in the nucleosome?

To provide a negative charge to the DNA

To replicate the DNA during cell division

To provide a structural framework for the DNA to wrap around (correct)

To alter the abundance of amino acid residues in the DNA

What is the term used to describe the region where DNA is held with proteins in prokaryotes?

Nucleoid (correct)

Nucleus

Nucleoplasm

Chromatin

What is the typical length of DNA helix found in a nucleosome?

400 bp

200 bp (correct)

100 bp

300 bp

What is the term used to describe the structure formed by the coiling and condensation of chromatin fibers?

Chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the organisation of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Complexity of organisation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the repeating unit of chromatin?

Nucleosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Initiation, elongation, and termination Signup and view all the answers

Why can translation begin before transcription is complete in bacteria?

Because transcription and translation occur in the same compartment Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about mRNA in bacteria?

It does not require any processing to become active Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the RNA polymerase when it reaches the terminator region?

It falls off, terminating transcription Signup and view all the answers

How many RNA polymerases are found in the nucleus of eukaryotes?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the association of RNA polymerase with initiation-factor and termination-factor?

The RNA polymerase is able to initiate and terminate transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred molecule for storing genetic information?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA in the transmission of genetic information?

Transmitting genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence that suggests RNA was the first genetic material?

RNA can act as a genetic material and a catalyst Signup and view all the answers

Why did DNA evolve from RNA?

RNA was too reactive and unstable Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of DNA's double-stranded structure?

It resists changes by allowing repair Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the double helical structure for DNA and a scheme for replication?

Watson and Crick Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using different color schemes in DNA fingerprinting?

To trace the origin of each band in the gel Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA in genetic material?

Transferring and expressing genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the double-stranded helical structure of DNA?

The hydrogen bonding between the bases from opposite strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA being a better genetic material than RNA?

DNA is more stable and less prone to degradation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process guided by complementary H-bonding in DNA replication?

Semiconservative replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for hydrogen bonding between bases in DNA?

Adenine pairs with Thymine through two H-bonds, and Guanine with Cytosine through three H-bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing the precursor of mRNA?

RNA polymerase II Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the splicing process?

To remove introns and join exons in a defined order Signup and view all the answers

What is added to the 5' end of hnRNA during capping?

A methyl guanosine triphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the splicing process?

A mature mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the split-gene arrangement?

It is an ancient feature of the genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the tailing process?

The addition of adenylate residues to the 3' end of hnRNA Signup and view all the answers