Structure and Organization of DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of histones in the nucleosome?

  • To provide a negative charge to the DNA
  • To replicate the DNA during cell division
  • To provide a structural framework for the DNA to wrap around (correct)
  • To alter the abundance of amino acid residues in the DNA

What is the term used to describe the region where DNA is held with proteins in prokaryotes?

  • Nucleoid (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Nucleoplasm
  • Chromatin

What is the typical length of DNA helix found in a nucleosome?

  • 400 bp
  • 200 bp (correct)
  • 100 bp
  • 300 bp

What is the term used to describe the structure formed by the coiling and condensation of chromatin fibers?

<p>Chromosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the organisation of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

<p>Complexity of organisation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the repeating unit of chromatin?

<p>Nucleosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

<p>Initiation, elongation, and termination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can translation begin before transcription is complete in bacteria?

<p>Because transcription and translation occur in the same compartment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about mRNA in bacteria?

<p>It does not require any processing to become active (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the RNA polymerase when it reaches the terminator region?

<p>It falls off, terminating transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many RNA polymerases are found in the nucleus of eukaryotes?

<p>Three (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the association of RNA polymerase with initiation-factor and termination-factor?

<p>The RNA polymerase is able to initiate and terminate transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred molecule for storing genetic information?

<p>DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA in the transmission of genetic information?

<p>Transmitting genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence that suggests RNA was the first genetic material?

<p>RNA can act as a genetic material and a catalyst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did DNA evolve from RNA?

<p>RNA was too reactive and unstable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of DNA's double-stranded structure?

<p>It resists changes by allowing repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the double helical structure for DNA and a scheme for replication?

<p>Watson and Crick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using different color schemes in DNA fingerprinting?

<p>To trace the origin of each band in the gel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA in genetic material?

<p>Transferring and expressing genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the double-stranded helical structure of DNA?

<p>The hydrogen bonding between the bases from opposite strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA being a better genetic material than RNA?

<p>DNA is more stable and less prone to degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process guided by complementary H-bonding in DNA replication?

<p>Semiconservative replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for hydrogen bonding between bases in DNA?

<p>Adenine pairs with Thymine through two H-bonds, and Guanine with Cytosine through three H-bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing the precursor of mRNA?

<p>RNA polymerase II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the splicing process?

<p>To remove introns and join exons in a defined order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is added to the 5' end of hnRNA during capping?

<p>A methyl guanosine triphosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the splicing process?

<p>A mature mRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the split-gene arrangement?

<p>It is an ancient feature of the genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the tailing process?

<p>The addition of adenylate residues to the 3' end of hnRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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