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Life Sciences P1 June Exam (Mix)
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Life Sciences P1 June Exam (Mix)

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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of external fertilization in vertebrates?

  • Ability to reproduce in a watery environment (correct)
  • Lower number of offspring
  • Higher likelihood of successful fertilization
  • Protection of eggs from desiccation

    • Which vertebrates commonly use external fertilization?

  • Fish and amphibians (correct)
  • Reptiles and fish
  • Birds and mammals
  • Amphibians and reptiles

    • How does internal fertilization differ from external fertilization?

  • It occurs outside the female's body (correct)
  • It involves releasing eggs and sperm into the water
  • It increases the chances of offspring survival
  • It requires specific environmental conditions

    • Why is internal fertilization advantageous for terrestrial animals?

    <p>It allows for a higher likelihood of successful fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fertilization offers a higher chance of sperm meeting egg in vertebrates?

    <p>Internal fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode involves giving birth to live young?

    <p>Vivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of ovipary?

    <p>Increased chances of species survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy involves producing relatively mature and independent offspring?

    <p>Precocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant evolutionary advancement related to terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>Amniotic egg development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is closely linked to the extent of parental care in vertebrates?

    <p>Reproductive strategy and developmental mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary male sex hormone responsible for driving the process of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a mature sperm cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the enlargement of one follicle leading to the development of a mature ovum in females?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the lining of the uterus break down and shed?

    <p>Menstruation (Days 1-7)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides essential nutrients for the developing egg in the ovary during oogenesis?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum to prepare the endometrium for pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

    <p>Follicular Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chorion in the development of the embryo?

    <p>Contributes to placenta formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the development of the follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if fertilization does not occur during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Corpus luteum shrinks and stops producing progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Cowper's Gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricating the urethra for easier passage of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does sperm get stored after being produced in the testes?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ is responsible for producing egg cells and secreting hormones?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Vas Deferens in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Transporting sperm from the epididymis to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that stimulates male puberty?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the cerebrum in the brain?

    <p>Interpreting sensations from sense organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is crucial for maintaining balance and muscle tension?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting information between the brain and peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary muscles like the heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the human nervous system?

    <p>Maintaining homeostasis and protecting from danger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for emergency situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the embryo develop into a fetus?

    <p>Around 12 weeks of gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of motor neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the placenta in the development of the fetus?

    <p>Forming finger-like structures known as villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for involuntary bodily functions in the human body?

    <p>Sympathetic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nervous system, what is the role of interneurons?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of effectors in the nervous system?

    <p>Respond to stimuli detected by receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin sheath in a neuron?

    <p>Provides insulation and speeds up transmission of electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization for terrestrial animals?

    <p>Higher likelihood of successful fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vertebrates commonly use external fertilization as a reproductive strategy?

    <p>Fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of external fertilization?

    <p>Requirement for specific environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which strategy does fertilization occur inside the female's body?

    <p>Internal Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does external fertilization rely on to protect the eggs?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Cowper's Gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Neutralizing acidic environment of the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Seminal Vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Providing energy-rich fluid for sperm mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Vas Deferens (Sperm Duct) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Transporting sperm to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Housing and protecting the embryo/fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for delivering sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of testes in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Producing sperm cells and testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode involves retaining eggs within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch?

    <p>Ovovivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of precocial developmental strategy in offspring?

    <p>Reduced parental care burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure of the amniotic egg provides a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo?

    <p>Shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parental care in vertebrates?

    <p>To reduce the chances of predation on young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone drives the process of male gamete production within the male reproductive organs?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a sperm cell is primarily responsible for penetrating the egg's outer layers during fertilization?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the division of diploid germinal epithelial cells through meiosis to produce haploid sperm cells?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female hormone regulates the cyclical stages of oogenesis, occurring approximately every 28 days?

    <p>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that stimulates the enlargement of one follicle in the ovaries during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of an egg cell during ovulation?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if fertilization does not occur during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Breakdown of the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the zygote undergo mitosis after fertilization?

    <p>Fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for thickening the endometrium in preparation for pregnancy?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum secrete progesterone?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the developmental stage of the embryo after 12 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the placenta to the embryo?

    <p>Umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Control homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system consists of cranial and spinal nerves?

    <p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the fallopian tube high up, leading to fertilization?

    <p>Release of an egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of motor neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses from the brain to effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the connection between neurons occur?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) in the body?

    <p>Regulates involuntary actions to maintain internal balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons transmit impulses away from the cell body to effectors like muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating all voluntary movements and maintaining balance and muscle tension?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurons are responsible for detecting stimuli and transmitting impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nervous system, which part is responsible for controlling involuntary muscles like the heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system branch is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

    <p>Control involuntary actions and maintain homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons carry impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

    <p>Prepare the body for emergency situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the connection between neurons occur for signal transmission?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Interneurons play in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons and process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Myelin Sheath in neurons primarily functions to:

    <p>Insulate and speed up impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg for successful fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external fertilization more common among aquatic animals than terrestrial animals?

    <p>Water is necessary to facilitate the process of external fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, what is the primary benefit of external fertilization?

    <p>Higher number of offspring produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization in vertebrates contribute to reproductive success?

    <p>Increases the probability of sperm reaching the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is internal fertilization advantageous for terrestrial animals?

    <p>Enables mating in water-scarce environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major advantage does ovipary offer in terms of offspring survival?

    <p>Spread of risk through producing many offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vivipary enhance the survival rate of offspring compared to other modes of reproduction?

    <p>By reducing the risk of predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of ovovivipary that distinguishes it from other reproductive modes?

    <p>Young are born as fully developed, miniature adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advancement is facilitated by the amniotic egg?

    <p>Expanding the range of habitats for vertebrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does precocial development reduce the burden of extensive parental care?

    <p>Young are relatively mature and independent at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone responsible for driving female puberty?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum post-ovulation to prepare the endometrium for pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the production of male gametes within the testes?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum shrink and stop producing progesterone?

    <p>Days 23-28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Penetrating the egg's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive process involves the cyclical development of follicles?

    <p>Oogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process known as when the zygote embeds itself into the endometrium of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the lining of the uterus break down and shed?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the chorionic villi that extend into the endometrium and contribute to placenta formation?

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where the embryo embeds itself into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves?

    <p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the finger-like structures that develop from the outer membrane of the embryo known as?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fluid-filled sac encases the developing embryo inside the uterus?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Production of a mucus-like fluid to lubricate the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ is responsible for receiving the penis and semen during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Production of nutrient-rich fluid for sperm energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Fallopian Tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Production of an alkaline fluid in semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating all voluntary movements and helping maintain balance and muscle tension?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Acting as a control center for autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Motor (Efferent) Neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmit impulses from the brain to muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the Central Nervous System controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Connect sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

    <p>Decreases heart rate and dilates blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons respond to stimuli by transmitting impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the neuron covers the axon, speeds up transmission of electrical impulses, and provides insulation?

    <p>Myelin Sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which situations does the Sympathetic Nervous System primarily prepare the body for?

    <p>'Fight or Flight' responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons in processing information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Requires less water for successful reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is internal fertilization favored by terrestrial animals?

    <p>Reduces the need for a watery environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor limits the widespread adoption of external fertilization among vertebrates?

    <p>Risk of desiccation of eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, what is a significant advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

    <p>Higher survival rates of offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Most suitable for aquatic environments with specific requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the sperm mature and get stored after being produced in the testes?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ produces a nutrient-rich fluid crucial for sperm mobility and survival?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper’s Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricate the urethra for easier sperm passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive structure is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium to help move egg cells?

    <p>Fallopian Tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that houses and protects the embryo and fetus during pregnancy in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that drives male gamete (sperm cell) production in the testes?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the development of a mature Graafian follicle in the ovaries during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In females, what is the main function of the jelly layer surrounding the egg cell during oogenesis?

    <p>Protection during fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the main function of the middle portion of a sperm cell?

    <p>Energy supply for motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Digestion of egg's outer layers during fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the advantage of ovipary in reproduction?

    <p>Allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously, spreading the risk of individual predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the evolutionary success of vertebrates related to their reproductive strategies?

    <p>Parental care ranging from none to extensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do altricial species differ from precocial species in terms of offspring characteristics?

    <p>Require extensive parental care and are born helpless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic egg in vertebrates?

    <p>Providing a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does vivipary enhance the survival rate of offspring compared to other modes of reproduction?

    <p>Because embryos are born as fully developed miniature adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Exchange of nutrients and waste between mother and fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the embryo to the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the amniotic fluid during fetal development?

    <p>Providing a cushion for protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions like heart rate?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between grey matter and white matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Grey matter consists of dendrites, while white matter comprises myelinated axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Secretes progesterone post-ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the Graafian follicle transform into the corpus luteum?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for thickening the endometrium in the uterus?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if fertilization does not occur in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Corpus luteum shrinks and stops producing progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs around day 23-28 of the menstrual cycle if fertilization does not happen?

    <p>Progesterone levels fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for the 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Process information and link sensory neurons to motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Transmitting impulses towards the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a sensory (afferent) neuron?

    <p>Sense stimuli and transmit impulses to spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of adrenaline in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Stimulate sweat secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Controlling autonomic functions like hunger and body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres?

    <p>Corpus Callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Motor (Efferent) Neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses to muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary muscles?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Spinal Cord in relation to the central nervous system?

    <p>Coordinating reflexes independently from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving hormone for spermatogenesis in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Penetrating the egg's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In females, what hormone regulates the cyclical stages of oogenesis approximately every 28 days?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitochondria in a sperm cell?

    <p>Sperm motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure of an ovum contains essential nutrients for the developing egg?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of vivipary in terms of offspring survival?

    <p>The offspring can receive protection from predators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do precocial species differ from altricial species in terms of offspring characteristics?

    <p>Altricial offspring are born relatively mature and independent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of the amniotic egg for terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>Protects the developing embryo from dehydration and physical harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ovoviviparous animals, like some species of snakes and sharks, retain eggs within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch?

    <p>To provide protection to the eggs while avoiding metabolic costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does parental care impact the reproductive success of vertebrates?

    <p>It directly influences the reproductive success of parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>It requires less water for the survival of offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is internal fertilization advantageous for terrestrial animals?

    <p>It provides a higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>It increases the chances of survival under high mortality rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, what is the primary benefit of internal fertilization?

    <p>Facilitates production of fewer but healthier offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external fertilization more common among aquatic animals than terrestrial animals?

    <p>It requires water to facilitate the fertilization process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the Seminal Vesicles produce fluid rich in nutrients for sperm cells?

    <p>At the base of the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland produces an alkaline fluid in the male reproductive system that helps neutralize the acidic vaginal environment?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper’s Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Neutralizing acidic urine in the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female reproductive system serves as the birth canal and receives the penis and semen during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Vulva in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Protecting the entrance to the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the Graafian follicle burst to release an egg cell?

    <p>Ovulatory phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) in the hormonal control of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Trigger ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the corpus luteum to stop producing progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

    <p>It remains active and continues to secrete progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Transporting oxygenated blood from the mother to the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of amniotic fluid during fetal development?

    <p>It provides a medium for fetal movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions like heart rate and digestion?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fertilization, how many chromosomes does the zygote contain?

    <p>46 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system acts as the primary control center for processing and transmitting information throughout the body?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Myelin Sheath in a neuron?

    <p>Insulates the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do interneurons primarily function within the nervous system?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system to effectors?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system in preparing the body for emergency situations?

    <p>Increases heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cerebellum in the brain?

    <p>Coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system acts as a control center for autonomic functions like hunger and thirst?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Sensory (Afferent) Neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Detecting stimuli and transmitting impulses to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving hormone for oogenesis in females?

    <p>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Enzymes for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of oogenesis does a mature ovum develop from one of the follicles?

    <p>Maturation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone drives the process of spermatogenesis in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitochondria in sperm cells?

    <p>Energy production for motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of ovipary in terms of offspring survival?

    <p>Spread the risk of individual predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of precocial species in terms of offspring development?

    <p>Born with eyes open, covered in down or fur, and can stand shortly after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ovovivipary differ from vivipary in terms of offspring nutrition?

    <p>Offspring receive nutrition from egg yolk before birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage is associated with the development of the amniotic egg?

    <p>Expanded range of habitats due to reduced dependency on water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of parental care, what distinguishes vertebrates with extensive care from those with minimal care?

    <p>Extent of survival-oriented activities towards offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for neutralizing traces of acidic urine in the urethra?

    <p>Seminal Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To lubricate the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ provides an alkaline fluid to neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do sperm cells mature and get stored after being produced in the testes?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>To penetrate the egg cell during fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental condition is crucial for the success of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Watery environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization produce a large number of offspring in aquatic animals?

    <p>To increase chances of survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of vertebrates commonly utilize external fertilization as a reproductive strategy?

    <p>Fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization benefit terrestrial animals in their reproductive success?

    <p>Allows reproduction without water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the chorion during fetal development?

    <p>Developing finger-like villi that form the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female reproductive system does the zygote embed itself into during implantation?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses between nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary body functions like heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of amniotic fluid during fetal development?

    <p>Serving as a protective cushion for the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the formation of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a crucial role in preventing the breakdown of the endometrium if fertilization occurs?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amnion during embryonic development?

    <p>Softening the uterine wall for implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for potential embryo implantation?

    <p>Increasing Oestrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum cease production of progesterone if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining the body's homeostasis by controlling functions like hunger, thirst, and body temperature?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system coordinates all voluntary movements and helps in maintaining balance and muscle tension?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors like muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary muscles like the heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interneurons within the nervous system?

    <p>Connect sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in the body?

    <p>Maintaining homeostasis and controlling involuntary actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the parasympathetic nervous system primarily do after an emergency situation has passed?

    <p>Slows down heart rate and relaxes blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons and transmitting them towards the cell body?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons, processing information and determining responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the corpus luteum to stop producing progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for thickening the endometrium in preparation for potential embryo implantation?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the Graafian follicle burst to release an egg cell?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amnion during fetal development?

    <p>To encase the embryo in a fluid-filled sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the chorion in the development of the blastocyst?

    <p>Forming extra-embryonic membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the embryo to the placenta in the development process?

    <p>Umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone peaks around day 14 of the menstrual cycle, triggering ovulation?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion in fetal development?

    <p>Developing finger-like villi that attach to the uterine tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the time period from fertilization to birth?

    <p>Gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between grey matter and white matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Grey matter comprises cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter comprises myelinated axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitates communication between the left and right brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for controlling involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Connect sensory and motor neurons to interpret sensory input and generate motor output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements?

    <p>Somatic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Spinal Cord in the central nervous system?

    <p>Transmits nerve impulses between the spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode provides protection to the developing embryo by allowing it to receive nutrition and protection inside the mother until birth?

    <p>Vivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of animals benefits from ovipary by being able to produce many offspring simultaneously?

    <p>Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of precocial species that distinguishes them from altricial species?

    <p>Can stand, walk, or swim shortly after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, which developmental strategy reduces the burden of parental care by allowing the young to fend for themselves early on against predators?

    <p>Precocial development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement in terrestrial vertebrates allows reproduction away from water bodies by providing a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo?

    <p>Amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Bulbourethral Gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secretion of alkaline fluid for neutralizing vaginal acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do sperm cells mature and get stored in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for delivering sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland produces a nutrient-rich fluid essential for providing energy to sperm cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Seminal Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the acrosome in a sperm cell during fertilization?

    <p>Contains enzymes for penetrating the egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of testosterone in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Driving the division of germinal epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a sperm cell is primarily responsible for providing energy for motility?

    <p>Middle portion (neck)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oogenesis, what happens to the three cells produced through meiosis that do not become a mature ovum?

    <p>They form polar bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the cyclical development of follicles during oogenesis?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion during fetal development?

    <p>Formation of placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>It requires specific environmental conditions like water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the evolutionary advantage of internal fertilization in terrestrial animals?

    <p>Enhanced sperm meeting egg likelihood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect does internal fertilization differ from external fertilization?

    <p>It has a lower chance of sperm meeting egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key evolutionary benefit of external fertilization for aquatic animals?

    <p>Increased chances of survival under high mortality rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization in vertebrates contribute to their adaptive responses to challenges?

    <p>By increasing the chances of sperm meeting egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Myelin Sheath in a neuron?

    <p>To speed up the transmission of electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons carries impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system in the body?

    <p>Maintain homeostasis through involuntary actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems?

    <p>Their effect on heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive strategy offers a higher chance of fertilization success due to internal fertilization?

    <p>Internal fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external fertilization less common among terrestrial animals compared to aquatic animals?

    <p>Difficulty in protecting eggs from desiccation on land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage that internal fertilization provides to terrestrial animals?

    <p>Higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which vertebrates is external fertilization more commonly observed?

    <p>Fish and amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization lead to the production of a larger number of offspring compared to internal fertilization?

    <p>More gametes released into the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode is characterized by retaining eggs within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch?

    <p>Ovovivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the embryo to the placenta in the developmental process?

    <p>Umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic egg in vertebrates?

    <p>Protecting the developing embryo from dehydration and physical harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the embryo embedding itself into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy produces underdeveloped offspring that require extensive parental care?

    <p>Altricial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of grey matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Contain cell bodies and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advancement enabled reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

    <p>Amniotic egg development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system acts as the primary control center for processing and transmitting information throughout the body?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vertebrate group is known for giving birth to live young with the embryo developing inside the mother?

    <p>Mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between white matter and grey matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Grey matter consists of cell bodies, white matter comprises myelinated axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Seminal Vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Provide energy for sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Cowper's Glands located in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Attached to the vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Endometrium in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Site of implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for producing testosterone?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Fallopian Tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Transport egg cells and site of fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome if fertilization occurs during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>The endometrium thickens and develops more blood vessels and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the formation of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium thicken in preparation for embryo implantation?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the thickening of the endometrium in the uterus?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transformation of a Graafian follicle into after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus Luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key physical change marking sexual maturity in females?

    <p>Increased muscular development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Producing enzymes for penetration of the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ plays a direct role in the production of sperm cells?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which female gametes (ova) are produced in the ovaries?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human female reproductive system, what is the role of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Preparation for potential embryo implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating all voluntary movements and maintaining balance?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between the left and right hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors like muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Maintaining homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls conscious movements and sensory information processing from the external environment?

    <p>Somatic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Maintain homeostasis and control involuntary bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons and process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of adrenaline in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Prepare the body for 'fight or flight' situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sensory neuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries the impulse from the receptor to the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc is responsible for converting the stimulus into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the motor neuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Transports the impulse from the spinal cord to the effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc is responsible for producing the response?

    <p>Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reflex arc, what does the interneuron do?

    <p>Carries the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an effector in a reflex arc?

    <p>Producing responses in muscles or glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of a reflex action?

    <p>To provide an immediate response without conscious thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of synapses in the reflex arc?

    <p>Ensure the speed and efficiency of the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Characterized by progressive brain cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group does multiple sclerosis (MS) typically affect?

    <p>Young adults between 20 and 40 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit electrical signals from receptors to effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do effectors respond to impulses from the nervous system?

    <p>By contracting muscles or secreting substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>Divided into autonomic and somatic systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ciliary body in the human eye?

    <p>To change the lens's shape for accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye plays a major role in maintaining the shape of the eyeball?

    <p>Vitreous Humour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of binocular vision in humans?

    <p>To judge distance, depth, and size of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual defect results in the inability to see distant objects clearly?

    <p>Short-sightedness (Myopia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the optic nerve play in vision?

    <p>Transmitting impulses from the retina to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the human ear is responsible for directing sound waves into the auditory canal?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the middle ear in human hearing?

    <p>Transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures in the middle ear transmit and amplify vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear?

    <p>Hammer, anvil, stirrup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Eustachian tube in the human ear?

    <p>Equalizing pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fluid-filled structure within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear contains the membranous labyrinth with endolymph?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pressure waves in the cochlea's endolymph generated?

    <p>Vibrations of the oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for converting sound into nerve impulses?

    <p>Organ of Corti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common treatments for middle ear infection according to the text?

    <p>Medication and insertion of grommets into the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a cochlear implant aid individuals with deafness?

    <p>By directly transmitting electrical impulses to the auditory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of balance maintenance in the human ear?

    <p>Detecting changes in speed and direction of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the ear is responsible for maintaining balance by detecting changes in head position relative to gravity?

    <p>Semi-circular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a reflex action?

    <p>It provides an immediate response to avoid danger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>It involves progressive brain cell death over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do effectors do in response to nerve impulses?

    <p>They respond to the impulses sent by the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do synapses play in the nervous system?

    <p>They ensure the speed and efficiency of the response in a reflex arc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures detect light and color in the eye?

    <p>Photoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To carry information through electrical and chemical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affect neurons?

    <p>It impairs neurons' proper function by attacking the myelin sheath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the interneuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a reflex action, where is the impulse transmitted after reaching the sensory neuron?

    <p>To the interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc is responsible for converting a stimulus into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the effector in a reflex arc?

    <p>Produces the response in muscles or glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc transports the impulse from the spinal cord to the muscles or glands?

    <p>Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of impulse transmission in a reflex arc?

    <p>Receptor → Sensory Neuron → Motor Neuron → Effector → Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a sensory neuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Converts stimuli into impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Eustachian tube in the human ear?

    <p>Balancing pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for maintaining balance?

    <p>Cristae in semi-circular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear and filled with perilymph fluid?

    <p>Semi-circular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the oval window moves due to sound vibrations?

    <p>Generates pressure waves in the cochlea's endolymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains sensory hair cells and converts sound into nerve impulses?

    <p>Organ of Corti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for middle ear infection?

    <p>Insertion of grommets into the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are balance changes detected in the body relative to gravity?

    <p>By maculae in sacculus and utriculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inserted into the tympanic membrane to treat middle ear infection?

    <p>Grommets (draining tubes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ear amplifies sound vibrations and transmits them to the inner ear?

    <p>Ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ciliary body in the human eye?

    <p>Alters the lens shape for focusing on near and distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye contains the highest concentration of cones and offers the clearest vision?

    <p>Yellow Spot (Macula)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lens shape in the human eye when viewing objects further than 6 meters?

    <p>It becomes less convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bright light, what happens to the size of the pupil in the human eye?

    <p>It significantly shrinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual defect is characterized by the inability to see distant objects clearly?

    <p>Short-sightedness (Myopia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for directing sound waves into the auditory canal?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the auditory canal in the human ear?

    <p>Transmit sound waves to the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a reflex action?

    <p>Automatic and rapid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the reflex arc carries the impulse from the receptor to the spinal cord?

    <p>Sensory Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the effector in a reflex arc?

    <p>Produces a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure converts a stimulus into an impulse in a reflex arc?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the interneuron located in the reflex arc?

    <p>Spinal Cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly represents the transmission of impulses in a reflex arc?

    <p>Sensory Neuron → Motor Neuron → Effector → Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the motor neuron do in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries impulses from the spinal cord to effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of a reflex action in the body?

    <p>To ensure immediate response to avoid danger or harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Characterized by progressive brain cell death over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of synapses in the reflex arc?

    <p>Speed up and direct the nerve impulse through the correct pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multiple sclerosis (MS), what is the primary consequence of the immune system attacking the myelin sheath?

    <p>Impairment of neuron function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system and effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do effectors respond to impulses sent by the nervous system?

    <p>By activating muscles or secreting substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions like heart rate?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ciliary muscles in the human eye?

    <p>Alter the tension on the suspensory ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye is responsible for maintaining the eyeball's shape and playing a minor role in light refraction?

    <p>Vitreous Humour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which visual defect does an individual have difficulty seeing close objects clearly?

    <p>Hyperopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the iris in the human eye when adjusting to dim light?

    <p>Contract radial muscles and relax circular muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for directing sound waves into the auditory canal in the human ear?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the human ear is responsible for transmitting sound waves to the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Outer ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of binocular vision in humans?

    <p>Improved distance perception and depth judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Eustachian tube function in relation to the middle ear?

    <p>It equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the organ of Corti in the human ear?

    <p>Converts sound into nerve impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for detecting changes in body speed and direction?

    <p>Semi-circular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a middle ear infection?

    <p>Pathogens entering through the Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are hearing aids beneficial for individuals with deafness?

    <p>Amplify sound for better hearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the inner ear is filled with a fluid called perilymph?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the maculae in the human ear?

    <p>Detect changes in head position relative to gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cochlear implants aid individuals with deafness?

    <p>Convert sound vibrations into electrical impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the vestibule in the inner ear?

    <p>Contains sacculus and utriculus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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