Life Sciences P1 June Exam (Meduim)
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Questions and Answers

Which reproductive strategy involves the release of eggs and sperm into the water for fertilization?

  • Internal Fertilization
  • Aquatic Fertilization
  • Terrestrial Fertilization
  • External Fertilization (correct)

    • What is a key advantage of external fertilization?

  • Can produce a large number of offspring (correct)
  • Higher likelihood of successful fertilization
  • Does not require water for fertilization
  • Limited number of offspring produced

    • Why does internal fertilization provide a higher likelihood of successful fertilization?

  • Due to requiring a watery environment
  • Leads to desiccation of eggs
  • Results in a lower number of offspring
  • Allows sperm to meet egg inside the female's body (correct)

    • Which statement is true about external fertilization?

    <p>Requires a watery environment for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external fertilization common among aquatic animals?

    <p>To facilitate higher offspring survival rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode provides protection to the developing embryo and increases the chances of successful reproduction in varied environments?

    <p>Vivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of precocial species' developmental strategy?

    <p>Reduced burden of parental care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of animals retain eggs within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch?

    <p>Ovoviviparous animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement provides a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo, protecting it from dehydration and physical harm?

    <p>Amniotic Egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the testes located in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Inside the scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Cowper’s Gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricate the urethra for easier sperm passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for neutralizing the acidic vaginal environment?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that stimulates male puberty?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the sperm cell contains enzymes essential for penetrating the egg cell during fertilization?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone drives female puberty?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure in a sperm cell's head?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the production of female gametes in the ovaries?

    <p>Oogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates one follicle each cycle in females?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium break down and shed?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the Graafian follicle releases an egg cell?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for thickening the endometrium in the uterus?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to a diploid cell formed by the fusion of an ovum and a sperm cell?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After fertilization, what structure does the morula develop into?

    <p>Blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the umbilical artery in the placental system?

    <p>Carrying deoxygenated blood from the embryo to the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a fluid-filled sac that encases the developing embryo?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Regulating involuntary bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Grey matter of the brain and spinal cord mainly consists of:

    <p>Cell bodies and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of effectors in the nervous system?

    <p>Responding to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating all voluntary movements and maintaining balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Maintaining body's homeostasis and controlling functions like hunger and thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensory (afferent) neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Detect stimuli and carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?

    <p>Coordinating reflexes independently from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary muscles like heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for emergency situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adrenaline in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Stimulates sweat secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are interneurons primarily found in the nervous system?

    <p>In the spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sensory neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Sense stimuli and transmit impulses to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of ovipary as a reproductive mode?

    <p>Allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of altricial species in terms of their offspring?

    <p>Require extensive parental care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement provides a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo?

    <p>The development of the amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the male testes in the reproductive system?

    <p>Producing sperm cells and testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes parental care in vertebrates?

    <p>It is directly linked to the reproductive success of the parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone drives male gamete (sperm cell) production within the male reproductive organs?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oogenesis, how many haploid cells are usually produced, but only one survives to become a mature ovum?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell during fertilization?

    <p>Containing enzymes for penetrating the egg's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the enlargement of one cell within a follicle that undergoes meiosis during oogenesis?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tail in a sperm cell?

    <p>Propelling the cell forward for potential fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Prevents menstruation and supports pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for thickening the endometrium in the uterus?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the formation of a blastocyst?

    <p>Development of zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum shrink if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Days 23–28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of extra-embryonic membranes like chorion in the gestation process?

    <p>Contribute to placenta formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the zygote divides by mitosis to form a morula and then a blastocyst?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the embryo to the placenta in the development of the fetus?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during fetal development?

    <p>Waste removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Grey matter in the nervous system primarily consists of which cellular components?

    <p>Myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper’s Gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Production of sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for neutralizing the acidic environment of the vagina to protect sperm in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Vas Deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Housing and protection of embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily stimulates male puberty?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Maturing and storing sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medulla oblongata in the brain?

    <p>Controlling involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain plays a key role in maintaining the body's homeostasis?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the corpus callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls conscious movements and sensory information processing?

    <p>Somatic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Connect sensory and motor neurons for interpretation of sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for restoring the body to a normal state after an emergency has passed?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors like muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do interneurons primarily do in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>It does not require a watery environment for fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external fertilization advantageous for aquatic animals?

    <p>It requires a watery environment for fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advantage does internal fertilization provide terrestrial animals?

    <p>Avoidance of dependence on water for reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental conditions are necessary for external fertilization to occur effectively?

    <p>Aquatic environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization increase the likelihood of successful reproduction compared to external fertilization?

    <p>By allowing sperm to meet the egg directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization for terrestrial animals?

    <p>No need for specific environmental conditions like water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the advantage of external fertilization in aquatic animals?

    <p>Reduced need for parental care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions like water?

    <p>To facilitate egg-sperm meeting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does the diversity of reproductive strategies offer vertebrates?

    <p>Expansion into various ecological niches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does internal fertilization contribute to the reproductive success of vertebrates?

    <p>By enhancing sperm-egg meeting probability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily drives female puberty?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell during fertilization?

    <p>Releasing enzymes for penetrating the egg's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Production of progesterone to maintain the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ contributes to neutralizing the acidic vaginal environment?

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the enlargement of one cell within a follicle that undergoes meiosis during oogenesis?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the umbilical cord in the development of the fetus?

    <p>Transporting deoxygenated blood from the placenta to the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ovulation, what happens in the female reproductive system?

    <p>The ovary releases an egg cell into the fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process of embedding the embryo into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of an egg cell during ovulation?

    <p>LH levels peaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

    <p>It continues to secrete progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Leading to the thickening of the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for preventing menstruation after ovulation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation does the Graafian follicle undergo post-ovulation?

    <p>It becomes the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain acts as a control center for autonomic functions such as hunger, thirst, sleep, body temperature, and emotions?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?

    <p>Transmit sensory information from the body to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors like muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Somatic Nervous System in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Control voluntary muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Connect left and right hemispheres for efficient communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Preparing the body for emergency situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for emergency situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are interneurons primarily found in the nervous system?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adrenaline in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Preparing the body for 'fight or flight' situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode combines aspects of both ovipary and vivipary, providing protection to the eggs while avoiding metabolic costs associated with true vivipary?

    <p>Ovovivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of precocial species' developmental strategy?

    <p>Reduced parental care burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advancement provides a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo, protecting it from dehydration and physical harm?

    <p>Development of the amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for producing sperm cells and the hormone testosterone?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parental care in vertebrates?

    <p>Directly influencing reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the testes located in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Inside the scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Fallopian Tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Site of fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Prostate Gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Producing alkaline fluid as part of semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Endometrium in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Site of implantation and placenta formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a sperm cell contains enzymes essential for penetrating the egg cell during fertilization?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of external fertilization for vertebrates?

    <p>Requires specific environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does internal fertilization provide a higher likelihood of successful fertilization compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Allows for fertilization to occur inside the female's body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does external fertilization differ from internal fertilization?

    <p>Requires specific environmental conditions like water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization for vertebrates?

    <p>Higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg for successful fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the diversity of reproductive strategies contribute to the evolutionary biology of vertebrates?

    <p>They offer insights into adaptive responses and evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of ovipary as a reproductive mode?

    <p>It allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy results in potentially higher brain mass and more complex behaviors in adulthood?

    <p>Altricial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of the amniotic egg that enables reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

    <p>Shell and several membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes parental care in vertebrates?

    <p>Variability is linked to offspring development mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during fetal development?

    <p>Protecting from environmental hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell during fertilization?

    <p>Releasing enzymes to penetrate the egg's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone drives male gamete (sperm cell) production within the male reproductive organs?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure in a sperm cell's head?

    <p>Nucleus with autosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component primarily provides essential nutrients for the developing egg in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Initiating meiosis in follicle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the developmental stage of the embryo after 12 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does implantation of the embryo take place in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure develops from the zygote's outer membrane and grows into the uterine tissue to form the placenta?

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo?

    <p>Protecting and cushioning the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses away from the central nervous system to effectors like muscles or glands?

    <p>Motor Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does sperm mature and get stored after being produced in the testes?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper’s Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Releasing a mucus-like fluid before ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vas deferens (sperm duct) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Transporting sperm from the epididymis to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Housing and protecting the embryo and fetus during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure responsible for expelling semen and urine out of the male body?

    <p>Penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebellum in the brain?

    <p>Coordinate voluntary movements and maintain balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting sensations from sense organs?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the corpus callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitate communication between the left and right hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system controls involuntary muscles in the body?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of motor (efferent) neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors like muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Secrete progesterone to prepare the endometrium for potential pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of an egg cell during ovulation?

    <p>Elevated LH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for thickening the endometrium in preparation for a potential pregnancy?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if fertilization does not occur during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Corpus luteum shrinks and stops producing progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the breakdown of the endometrium and the onset of menstruation?

    <p>Fall in progesterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Increase heart rate in emergency situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Constrict blood vessels in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization for terrestrial animals compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Reduced need for a watery environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions like water to be successful?

    <p>To prevent egg desiccation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does external fertilization offer aquatic animals?

    <p>Enhanced offspring survival rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization increase the likelihood of successful fertilization?

    <p>By ensuring sperm and egg meet more easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive strategy is more advantageous in environments with high mortality rates due to its ability to produce a large number of offspring?

    <p>External fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Produce a nutrient-rich fluid for sperm mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for producing an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the process of fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Fallopian Tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Store and mature sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive structure serves as the birth canal during childbirth?

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where the egg cell and sperm cell fuse to form a zygote?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female reproductive system does the zygote embed itself into during the process of implantation?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures develop from the outer membrane of the zygote and grow into the uterine tissue to form the placenta?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulating involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are specialized nerve cells responsible for transmitting impulses within the nervous system?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Process information and determine responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adrenaline in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Prepare the body for 'fight or flight' situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do sensory neurons transmit impulses to in the nervous system?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Myelin Sheath in a nerve cell?

    <p>Speed up transmission of electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens on Day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Follicle bursts to release an egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the development of the follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the shedding of the endometrial lining if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Low Progesterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where the zygote embeds itself into the endometrium called?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure develops from the blastocyst and contributes to placenta formation?

    <p>Chorionic villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that drives female puberty?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily drives male gamete (sperm cell) production within the male reproductive organs?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fertilization, what is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Penetrating the egg's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the sex determination of offspring based on the information provided?

    <p>Genetic material in the sperm cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitochondria in a sperm cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Acting as a control center for autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary muscles for reactions to external changes?

    <p>Somatic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sensory (afferent) neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Detect stimuli and transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between both brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously, spreading the risk of individual predation and increasing the chances of species survival?

    <p>Ovipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advancement provides a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo, protecting it from dehydration and physical harm?

    <p>Amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy reduces the burden of extensive parental care by allowing the young to fend for themselves against predators shortly after birth?

    <p>Precocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the male testes in the reproductive system?

    <p>Produce sperm cells and testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for emergency situations?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously, spreading the risk of individual predation and increasing species survival chances?

    <p>Ovovivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily drives female puberty?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Secretes progesterone and prepares the endometrium for potential pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the role of testosterone?

    <p>Drives the production of sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the thickening of the endometrium after ovulation?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Containing enzymes for penetrating the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum shrink if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the enlargement of a follicle cell for meiosis during oogenesis?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the complex process of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if fertilization occurs during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Corpus luteum remains active and continues to secrete progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for transforming the ruptured Graafian follicle into the corpus luteum?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating all voluntary movements and maintaining balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Medulla Oblongata in the brain?

    <p>Regulating heartbeat and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons detect stimuli and transmit impulses from sense organs to the brain?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary muscles like the heartbeat?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>It provides a higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization differ from external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Internal fertilization provides a higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is internal fertilization advantageous for terrestrial animals?

    <p>It allows reproduction without the need for a water environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of external fertilization poses a challenge for aquatic animals?

    <p>Need for specific environmental conditions like water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do reproductive strategies play in the adaptive responses of vertebrates?

    <p>They enable vertebrates to occupy a wide range of ecological niches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body to react during stressful situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of motor neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Respond to stimuli by transmitting impulses from the brain to effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are interneurons primarily found in the nervous system?

    <p>Spinal Cord and Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron covers the axon, speeds up signal transmission, and provides insulation?

    <p>Myelin Sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Sensory (Afferent) Neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Sense stimuli and transmit impulses to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the umbilical cord in the development of the fetus?

    <p>Transporting nutrients from the placenta to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the human nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>Facilitate communication between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Producing a nutrient-rich fluid to provide energy for sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the embryo develops into finger-like structures called villi after implantation?

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for releasing a mucus-like fluid to lubricate the urethra for easier sperm passage?

    <p>Cowper’s Gland (Bulbourethral Gland)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sperm cells primarily stored after maturation in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell during fertilization?

    <p>Contains enzymes for penetrating the egg cell during fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ is responsible for connecting the ovaries to the uterus and serves as the site of fertilization?

    <p>Fallopian Tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization in vertebrates compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Decreased chances of successful fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do terrestrial animals rely on internal fertilization rather than external fertilization?

    <p>To ensure a higher chance of sperm meeting egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental condition is essential for external fertilization to occur in vertebrates?

    <p>Requirement of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are more likely to adopt external fertilization as a reproductive strategy?

    <p>Aquatic fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does external fertilization provide for vertebrates despite requiring specific environmental conditions?

    <p>Increases the likelihood of successful fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously, spreading the risk of individual predation and increasing the chances of species survival?

    <p>Ovipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy reduces the burden of extensive parental care and allows the young to fend for themselves against predators early on?

    <p>Precocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evolutionary advancement that enables reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

    <p>Amniotic Egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parental care involves activities like nest building, egg guarding, feeding, and teaching to increase the survival rates of the young?

    <p>Extensive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of ovovivipary as a reproductive mode compared to true vivipary?

    <p>Protection to eggs without metabolic costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the initiation of sperm cell production in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for regulating the stages of oogenesis in females?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Containing enzymes for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In females, what happens to the three haploid cells that result from meiosis during oogenesis?

    <p>One survives to become a mature ovum, and the other two degenerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the menstrual cycle involves the development of a mature Graafian follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>Follicular Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Producing a fluid rich in nutrients for sperm energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ releases a mucus-like fluid to lubricate the urethra, facilitating sperm passage?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Transporting sperm from the epididymis to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female reproductive system is responsible for housing and protecting the embryo and fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper’s Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Releasing a mucus-like fluid to lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of an egg cell during ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Peak levels of LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fertilization, what is formed when the nuclei of the ovum and sperm cell fuse?

    <p>Diploid zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of progesterone post-ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Thicken the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the blastocyst embed itself during implantation in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the formation of extra-embryonic membranes like the amnion and chorion during gestation?

    <p>Implantation of blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where an egg cell and a sperm cell fuse to form a zygote?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the embryo to the placenta during development?

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system regulates involuntary bodily functions in the human nervous system?

    <p>Autonomic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the placenta in fetal development?

    <p>Oxygenate blood from the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

    <p>Respond to internal and external stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Process information and determine appropriate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with the 'fight or flight' response in stressful situations?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between motor neurons and interneurons?

    <p>Ability to carry impulses towards or away from the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating all voluntary movements and maintaining balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Medulla Oblongata in the brain?

    <p>Transmitting nerve impulses between the spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary muscles like the heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of Sensory (Afferent) Neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Detecting stimuli and transmitting impulses to the spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Motor (Efferent) Neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses from the brain to effectors like muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>It provides a higher likelihood of successful fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

    <p>To facilitate the process of fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>It provides a larger number of offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

    <p>It allows reproduction in terrestrial environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of reproductive success, why might external fertilization be advantageous in certain environments?

    <p>It allows for a greater number of offspring to be produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode involves animals giving birth to live young, providing nutrition and protection until birth?

    <p>Vivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic egg during development?

    <p>Provide a controlled environment for the developing embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of species produce relatively mature and independent offspring shortly after birth?

    <p>Precocial species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of parental care that varies widely among vertebrates?

    <p>Extensive parental care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement has enabled reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

    <p>Amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the production of female gametes (ova) in the ovaries?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells undergo meiosis to generate haploid sperm cells in males?

    <p>Diploid germinal epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell during fertilization?

    <p>Contain enzymes for penetrating the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the result of meiotic division of diploid germinal epithelial cells?

    <p>Four haploid spermatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the ovaries divide through mitosis to form multiple follicles during oogenesis?

    <p>Diploid germinal epithelium cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ houses and protects the embryo and fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Cowper’s Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricating the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive structure contains mitochondria providing energy required for movement?

    <p>Seminal Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Seminal Vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Providing energy for sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sperm cells primarily stored after being produced in the testes?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the embryo to the placenta in humans?

    <p>Umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of villi in human embryo development?

    <p>Forming the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of development does the zygote divide to form a morula and then a blastocyst?

    <p>Post-implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of amniotic fluid during fetal development?

    <p>Facilitating movement and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions like digestion and heart rate?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Controlling involuntary actions in the body to maintain homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

    <p>Decreases heart rate and dilates blood vessels in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a crucial role in preparing the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Linking sensory neurons to motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the thickening of the endometrium in the uterus during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where the blastocyst embeds itself into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone prevents menstruation and supports pregnancy if fertilization occurs?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum shrink if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cerebellum in the brain?

    <p>Coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Control autonomic functions like hunger and thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between both brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the interneuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc transports the impulse from the spinal cord to the effectors?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a reflex action, which structure receives a stimulus and converts it into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reflex arc, what is the function of the effector?

    <p>Produces the response to the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc transports the impulse from the receptor to the spinal cord?

    <p>Sensory Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate response when a person touches a hot surface?

    <p>The motor neuron signals muscles to quickly withdraw the hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of a reflex arc carries impulses from receptors to effectors?

    <p>Sensory Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of a receptor in a reflex arc?

    <p>Converts stimuli into impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc is located in the spinal cord and connects sensory and motor neurons?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a reflex action, what is the role of an effector?

    <p>Produces actual responses like muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Eustachian tube in the human ear?

    <p>Equalizing pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are vibrations transmitted from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear in humans?

    <p>Via the oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the organ of Corti in the human ear?

    <p>Converting sound into nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cochlear implant help individuals with deafness?

    <p>Converting sound vibrations into electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of middle ear infection in humans?

    <p>Pathogens entering through the Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the inner ear detects changes in speed and direction of the body?

    <p>Cristae in semi-circular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are part of the bony labyrinth in the human inner ear?

    <p>Semi-circular canals and vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the oval window contribute to hearing in humans?

    <p>Transmitting vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the organ of Corti in the cochlea is stimulated?

    <p>Sound is converted into nerve impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment option is available for deafness caused by hardening of ear tissues like ossicles?

    <p>Hearing aids that amplify sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of a reflex action?

    <p>It provides an immediate response to avoid danger or harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of synapses in the reflex arc?

    <p>To ensure the speed and efficiency of the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Alzheimer's disease, brain cell death leads to symptoms such as ___.

    <p>Memory loss and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is typically affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

    <p>Young adults between 20 and 40 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of effectors in the nervous system?

    <p>To respond to nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main division of the human nervous system responsible for controlling involuntary actions?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron receives signals from other neurons or receptors?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do photoreceptors in the eye primarily detect?

    <p>Light and color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Reflex actions are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli, which involve a reflex arc passing through ___.' Complete this statement.

    <p>The spinal cord and the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Choroid in the human eye?

    <p>It absorbs light to prevent reflection and supplies nutrients to the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the human eye adjust for near and distant objects during viewing?

    <p>By altering the shape of the lens using ciliary muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Optic Nerve in the human eye?

    <p>Transmits impulses from the retina to the brain for image interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye is responsible for controlling the amount of light entering?

    <p>Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Vitreous Humour in relation to light refraction?

    <p>Maintains the eyeball's shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for transmitting sound waves to the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Auditory canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pinna in the human ear?

    <p>Directs sound waves into the auditory canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the human ear does sound energy get converted into mechanical vibrations?

    <p>(Eardrum) Tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the inner ear in the process of hearing?

    <p>Converts sound energy into electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in humans is responsible for converting light into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the interneuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Located in the spinal cord, it carries the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the reflex arc is responsible for producing the response, such as muscles contracting to pull a finger away from a flame?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first component of a reflex arc that receives a stimulus and converts it into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc transports the impulse from the sensory neuron to the spinal cord?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an effector in a reflex arc?

    <p>Produces the physical response, such as muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure carries the impulse from the spinal cord to the effectors in a reflex arc?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reflex arc, where does an impulse go after reaching an interneuron?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a reflex arc is responsible for carrying impulses from the receptor to the spinal cord?

    <p>Sensory Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a sensory neuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries impulses from the receptor to the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an interneuron do in a reflex arc?

    <p>Located in spinal cord, carries impulses from sensory neuron to motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are synapses significant in the reflex arc?

    <p>To allow for the direction of the nerve impulse through the correct pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of effectors in the nervous system?

    <p>Responding to impulses sent by the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human nervous system, which component is responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the autoimmune disease characterized by attacks on the myelin sheath of neurons?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis (MS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc carries the impulse from the receptor to the spinal cord?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Impaired memory and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear responds to sound vibrations?

    <p>Hair Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a receptor that detects touch or pressure in the skin?

    <p>Mechanoreceptors in the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system controls involuntary actions in the body?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses from receptors to effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the human eye contains light-sensitive cells responsible for transforming light into electrical impulses?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ciliary muscles in the human eye?

    <p>Change the lens shape for accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bright light conditions, what happens to the pupil size controlled by the iris in the human eye?

    <p>Pupil constricts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for directing sound waves into the auditory canal?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer ear structure made of cartilage flaps responsible for directing sound waves?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye changes shape to focus light on near and distant objects?

    <p>Lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the optic nerve in the human eye?

    <p>Transmit impulses from the retina to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sound waves directed into the auditory canal of the human ear?

    <p>By the pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vitreous humor in the human eye?

    <p>Maintain eyeball's shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of clearest vision in the human eye with the highest concentration of cones?

    <p>Yellow Spot (Macula)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the middle ear to the throat and helps in equalizing pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the human eye contains blood vessels and pigments that absorb light to prevent reflection?

    <p>Choroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for detecting changes in the head's position relative to gravity?

    <p>Semi-circular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures contain sensory hair cells that convert sound into nerve impulses in the human ear?

    <p>The organ of Corti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid-filled cavity that contains the ossicles in the human ear?

    <p>Middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps in balancing and detecting changes in the body's speed and direction within the human ear?

    <p>Maculae in the sacculus and utriculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the middle ear to the inner ear in humans?

    <p>Oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for transmitting and amplifying vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear?

    <p>Ossicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear contains little hairs and wax to prevent foreign bodies from entering?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vestibule (sacculus and utriculus) in the human inner ear?

    <p>Maintain balance and detect changes in body's speed and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the little hairs and wax present in the outer ear?

    <p>To prevent foreign bodies from entering the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of a reflex action?

    <p>To provide an immediate response to avoid danger without conscious thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear connects the middle ear to the throat for pressure equalization?

    <p>Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the cristae in the semi-circular canals play in maintaining balance?

    <p>Detect changes in speed and direction of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by progressive brain cell death, symptoms like memory loss, and confusion?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of effectors in the body's response to stimuli?

    <p>Respond to impulses sent by the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the inner ear is responsible for converting sound into nerve impulses?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is typically affected by Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Individuals over the age of 60 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can be caused by a hardening of ear tissues like ossicles?

    <p>Deafness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the myelin sheath cover on neurons?

    <p>Axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pressure waves generated in the cochlea's endolymph?

    <p>Through movement of the oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of middle ear infections, what is inserted into the tympanic membrane for drainage?

    <p>Grommets (draining tubes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of maculae in the sacculus and utriculus?

    <p>Detect changes in head position relative to gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye detects light?

    <p>Photoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reflex arc, what is responsible for transmitting impulses through the correct pathway?

    <p>Synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cochlear implants?

    <p>Bypass damaged structures to directly stimulate the auditory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is filled with a fluid called perilymph?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Rod and cones' in the eye are examples of receptors for which stimuli?

    <p>'Light and color'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ciliary muscles in the human eye?

    <p>To focus light on near and distant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye contains light-sensitive cells called rods and cones?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the aqueous humour in the human eye?

    <p>Maintaining the shape of the cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye is responsible for controlling the pupil size?

    <p>Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of clearest vision with the highest concentration of cones in the human eye known as?

    <p>Yellow Spot (Macula)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual defect is characterized by difficulty in seeing close objects clearly?

    <p>Long-sightedness (Hyperopia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a reflex action, which component carries the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the effector in a reflex arc?

    <p>Produces the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reflex arc, which structure acts as a structure that receives a stimulus and converts it into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the sensory neuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries the impulse from the receptor to the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a reflex arc is responsible for transporting the impulse from the spinal cord to the effectors?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

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