Structure and Classification of Viruses
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Structure and Classification of Viruses

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of a virus particle?

  • To deliver its DNA or RNA into the host cell (correct)
  • To replicate its own genome
  • To generate energy for the host cell
  • To form a protective coat around the host cell

    • What is the role of the nucleoprotein in a virus?

  • To protect the host cell from viral infection
  • To form the protective coat of the virus
  • To deliver energy to the virus
  • To assist in the replication of the virus (correct)

    • What is the significance of viruses being unable to generate energy?

  • It allows them to become inert outside the host cell
  • It enables them to crystallize easily
  • It prevents them from replicating
  • It makes them dependent on host cell machinery for replication (correct)

    • What is the term used for a complete virus particle?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are viruses classified based on their genome?

    <p>By their RNA or DNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for viruses to be viewed as mobile genetic elements?

    <p>They can insert their DNA into host genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which basic patterns does self-assembly of virus capsids follow?

    <p>Helical and icosahedral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viruses exhibit a fringe of glycoprotein spikes or knobs, also called peplomers?

    <p>Enveloped viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which morphology is characteristic of the nucleocapsids of many 'spherical' viruses?

    <p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the genome of a virus consist of?

    <p>DNA or RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genomic RNA strand called in orientation if it can serve as mRNA?

    <p>Sense (positive sense, plus sense)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the parameters for classification of viruses?

    <p>Pathogenicity, ecological, physicochemical, genome composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on pathogenicity, how are viruses affecting the same tissue grouped together?

    <p>Respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, genitourinary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Arboviruses" are viruses transmitted by:

    <p>Blood sucking arthropods and vertebrate hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Roboviruses" are defined in the text as viruses with:

    <p>&quot;Rodent reservoirs&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Nucleocapsids" consist of a helical array of capsid proteins wrapped around a helical filament of:

    <p>&quot;Nucleic acid&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Monopartite genome" refers to a genome that occupies:

    <p>&quot;One nucleic acid molecule&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Families" and "genera" are terms used for classifying viruses based on:

    <p>Morphology, genome structure, and replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family does not have an envelope?

    <p>Adenoviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family has a complex capsid symmetry?

    <p>Herpesviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family has a single-stranded DNA genome?

    <p>Papoviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA virus family has an icosahedral capsid symmetry?

    <p>Togaviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA virus family has an enveloped capsid?

    <p>Papoviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA virus family has a complex capsid symmetry?

    <p>Herpesviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA virus family has a single-stranded positive-sense genome?

    <p>Astroviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are designated by a number for subspecies?

    <p>Parvoviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nucleic acid type of Picornaviruses?

    <p>SS(+) RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capsid symmetry of Caliciviruses?

    <p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of the viral genome in a complete virus particle?

    <p>It is enclosed within the capsid and interacts with the host cell machinery for replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes viruses from other microorganisms in terms of energy generation?

    <p>Viruses rely solely on the host cell's biochemical machinery for energy generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleocapsid in a virus?

    <p>Delivers the viral genome into the host cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are viruses considered as mobile genetic elements?

    <p>Viruses can integrate their genetic material into a host cell's genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes virions from host cell organelles?

    <p>The presence of a RNA or DNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family is characterized by a simplex dsDNA and an icosahedral capsid symmetry?

    <p>Papoviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family name for a virus with a single-stranded negative-sense RNA and a helical capsid symmetry?

    <p>Rhabdoviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family has a genome consisting of single-stranded positive-sense RNA and is enveloped with an icosahedral capsid symmetry?

    <p>Coronaviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family is characterized by a single-stranded positive-sense RNA and a capsid symmetry of unknown type?

    <p>Flaviviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family name for a virus with a double-stranded DNA genome and an icosahedral capsid symmetry?

    <p>Herpesviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the nucleocapsids of many filamentous and pleomorphic viruses?

    <p>Nucleicapsids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria are NOT used for the classification and nomenclature of viruses as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Pathogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genome necessitates different replication strategies for a virus?

    <p>Multipartite genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the genomic RNA strand of single-stranded RNA viruses in orientation if it can serve as mRNA?

    <p>Positive sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT used for the classification of viruses?

    <p>Genetic origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Virus Structure and Function

    • The main function of a virus particle is to infect a host cell and replicate itself.
    • The nucleoprotein plays a crucial role in a virus, as it protects the genetic material and helps in the replication process.

    Virus Classification

    • Viruses are classified based on their genome, which can be single-stranded RNA, double-stranded DNA, or single-stranded DNA.
    • The parameters for classification of viruses include morphology, replication strategy, and genome type.

    Virus Morphology

    • Icosahedral capsid symmetry is characteristic of many RNA viruses.
    • Helical symmetry is characteristic of many filamentous and pleomorphic viruses.
    • The nucleocapsids of many 'spherical' viruses have a characteristic "spherical" morphology.

    Genome and Replication

    • The genome of a virus consists of genetic material, which can be DNA or RNA.
    • The genomic RNA strand of single-stranded RNA viruses is called "positive-sense" if it can serve as mRNA.
    • Viruses are unable to generate energy and rely on the host cell's energy sources.

    Terms and Definitions

    • A complete virus particle is called a "virion".
    • "Arboviruses" are viruses transmitted by arthropods.
    • "Roboviruses" are viruses with a robot-like capsid structure.
    • "Nucleocapsids" consist of a helical array of capsid proteins wrapped around a helical filament of genetic material.
    • "Monopartite genome" refers to a genome that occupies a single segment of genetic material.
    • "Families" and "genera" are terms used for classifying viruses based on their evolutionary relationships.

    Virus Families

    • The herpesvirus family does not have an envelope.
    • The adenovirus family has a complex capsid symmetry.
    • The parvovirus family has a single-stranded DNA genome.
    • The picornavirus family has an icosahedral capsid symmetry and a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome.
    • The herpesvirus family has an enveloped capsid and a double-stranded DNA genome.

    Other

    • Viruses are considered "mobile genetic elements" because they can move genetic material between hosts.
    • The primary function of the nucleocapsid is to protect the genetic material and facilitate replication.
    • Viruses are distinguished from other microorganisms by their inability to generate energy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structure and classification of viruses, including their genetic composition and host interaction. Learn about the unique properties of viruses and their behavior outside the host cell.

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