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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with developing the approach to the study of internal mental processes known as Structuralism?
Who is credited with developing the approach to the study of internal mental processes known as Structuralism?
What was the primary focus of Structuralism?
What was the primary focus of Structuralism?
What was Titchener's definition of Psychology?
What was Titchener's definition of Psychology?
What was the main objective of Titchener's approach to Psychology?
What was the main objective of Titchener's approach to Psychology?
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What was Titchener's view on the nature of consciousness?
What was Titchener's view on the nature of consciousness?
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What was the ultimate goal of Titchener's approach to Psychology?
What was the ultimate goal of Titchener's approach to Psychology?
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How did Titchener's approach to Psychology differ from Wundt's approach?
How did Titchener's approach to Psychology differ from Wundt's approach?
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What was the outcome of Titchener's approach to Psychology?
What was the outcome of Titchener's approach to Psychology?
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According to functionalism, what triggers the process of thinking?
According to functionalism, what triggers the process of thinking?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the core principle of functionalism?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the core principle of functionalism?
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In what way did functionalism represent a departure from the ideas of Wundt and Titchener?
In what way did functionalism represent a departure from the ideas of Wundt and Titchener?
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What analogy did James use to describe the brain's function in his theory of functionalism?
What analogy did James use to describe the brain's function in his theory of functionalism?
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How did functionalism influence the development of psychology?
How did functionalism influence the development of psychology?
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What is the key difference between functionalism and structuralism in terms of their understanding of consciousness?
What is the key difference between functionalism and structuralism in terms of their understanding of consciousness?
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According to James, what role does the environment play in shaping mental states?
According to James, what role does the environment play in shaping mental states?
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Study Notes
Schools of Thought in Psychology
- The first two schools of thought in Psychology were Structuralism and Functionalism.
Structuralism
- Attributed to Edward B. Titchener (1867-1927)
- Defined Psychology as the analytic study of the generalized adult normal human mind through introspection
- Subject of Psychology is the immediate experiences of human beings
- Main occupation of practicing psychologist is to work hard and discover the elements and the manner in which they are compounded
- Became popular in Germany in the 1890's among young psychologists
- Sought to explain mental processes by studying the elements
- Consciousness is the sum total of a person's experiences at any given time
- Mental elements are the focus of any study
- Divided psychology into parts, including child, animal, abnormal, and human psychology
- Believed the main objective of psychology is to study and understand the human mind and structure
Functionalism
- Developed in the United States of America, led by William James (1842-1910) at Harvard University
- Advocated that engagement with activity is essential to the explanation of internal mental processes
- Thinking takes place when an organism is thwarted by some external force or obstacle
- Brain is the physical device with mental substrates that perform computations on inputs, producing behaviors
- Focused on the effective functions of the brain through its organization (software programs)
- Mental states are constituted by their casual relationships to one another and to sensory inputs and behavioral outputs
- Psychology as a science should focus on the usefulness of mental abilities, such as learning or perception
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Description
Learn about the first school of thought in Psychology, Structuralism, and its approach to studying internal mental processes through introspection. Understand the definition of Psychology according to Edward B. Titchener.
