Biomolecules I

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Which type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?

Van der Waals bond

Covalent bond (correct)

Ionic bond

Hydrogen bond

What is the main function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Protein synthesis

Cell division

DNA replication

Energy storage (correct)

Which type of cells store glycogen as an energy reserve?

Muscle cells

Liver cells (correct)

Red blood cells

Nerve cells

Where is starch primarily stored as an energy reserve in plants?

Chloroplasts & other plastids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the structure and function of a polysaccharide?

Its sugar monomers and positions of glycosidic linkages (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cellular function of monosaccharides?

Main fuels for cellular work (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structural compound is a major component of the tough wall of plant cells?

Cellulose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of glycosidic linkages do cellulose molecules have?

Beta (β) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is used by insects and crustaceans to build an exoskeleton?

Chitin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of glucose monomer does chitin have with a nitrogen-containing appendage?

With β linkages (D) Signup and view all the answers

In starch, which component is somewhat branched?

Amylopectin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of glucose polymers are helical in structure?

α glucose polymers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrate is water-insoluble?

Polysaccharides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of lipids according to the text?

Energy storage (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is an important component of the plasma membrane?

Phospholipids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What functional group is present in a fatty acid?

Carboxyl group (COOH) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid acts as energy-reserving molecules?

Triglyceride (fats) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers of disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Glucose, fructose, galactose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers?

Structural isomers have the same chemical formula, but different skeleton arrangements, while stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes enantiomers?

Enantiomers are mirror images that are not superimposable on each other. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an enantiomer from a diastereomer?

An enantiomer has the same physical properties as its mirror image, while a diastereomer does not. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is present in both glucose and fructose?

Aldehyde (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do monosaccharides differ from polysaccharides?

Monosaccharides are simple sugars consisting of single carbohydrate units, while polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar units. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecule consists of identical or similar building blocks (monomers) linked together?

Polysaccharides (A) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of stereochemistry, what does it mean for a molecule to be chiral?

The molecule is non-superimposable on its mirror image. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down a polymer into its monomer units?

Hydrolysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is a polymer made up of amino acid monomers?

Proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

In stereochemistry, what term describes molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space?

Isomers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecule consists of thousands of atoms connected covalently?