Skin & Integumentary System Hooper
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skin in mammals?

  • To allow for efficient heat transfer
  • To facilitate communication through visual signals
  • To provide a platform for sensory receptors
  • To provide a physical barrier against the environment (correct)

How does the skin help animals recognize the structure and composition of surfaces?

  • By allowing for the detection of temperature changes on the surface
  • Through the presence of specialized sensory receptors in the dermis (correct)
  • Through the presence of nerve endings in the epidermis
  • By facilitating the production of melanin to absorb environmental stimuli

What is the primary role of melanin in the skin?

  • To enable the detection of changes in surface texture
  • To facilitate the production of vitamin D
  • To provide insulation and regulate body temperature
  • To protect the underlying tissues from UV radiation (correct)

What is the primary function of piloerection in the skin?

<p>To serve as a visual signal for communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the skin in thermoregulation?

<p>To regulate blood flow to the surface for heat exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of keratohyalin granules?

<p>To aid in the aggregation of keratin filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lamellar bodies?

<p>To form the epidermal water barrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epidermal water barrier?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are melanocytes normally located in the epidermis?

<p>Stratum basale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of melanin produced by melanocytes?

<p>To protect the skin against UV irradiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are stimulated by testosterone?

<p>Sebaceous glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor molecule for melanin synthesis?

<p>Tyrosine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sebaceous glands in the skin?

<p>Provide water impermeability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glands opens in pores at the skin surface?

<p>Sweat glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the uropygial gland in waterfowl produce?

<p>Secretion to impregnate feathers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ionic composition of sweat from eccrine glands?

<p>Similar to plasma composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands are NOT associated with feathers?

<p>Mammary glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the odoriferous secretion from apocrine glands?

<p>Fatty acids and proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the milk-producing units of the mammary gland, what are clusters of alveoli referred to as?

<p>Lobuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epidermal structures are formed by keratinization of cells in the coronary band?

<p>Hooves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland?

<p>Milk ejection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diffuses from blood capillaries into epithelial cells for milk production in the mammary gland?

<p>Nutrients and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the dermis of the skin meet the dermis of the hoof?

<p>At the coronary band (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of melanosomes transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes?

<p>To protect the skin from UV light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of melanin pigment is associated with lighter skin tones?

<p>Pheomelanin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Langerhans' cells in the skin?

<p>Antigen presentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Merkel's cells primarily located in the skin?

<p>Fingertips and other areas with acute sensor perception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a primary cell type found in the dermis?

<p>Keratinocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the piloerector muscle associated with hair follicles?

<p>To contract and cause hair erection (piloerection) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key structural difference between the barbules of down feathers and other feather types?

<p>Down feather barbules lack hooklets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the hair shaft contains the hardest type of keratin?

<p>Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Merkel's cells in the skin?

<p>Mechanoreception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the hair growth cycle do new hair cells form?

<p>Growth (anagen) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of piloerection in localized parts of the skin?

<p>Serving as visual signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of nerve endings in the skin?

<p>Facilitating sensory perception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hairs and feathers contribute to communication in animals?

<p>Serving as visual signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hoof in mammals?

<p>Protecting and supporting the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the significance of the skin in recognizing surfaces?

<p>Identifying chemical composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the turnover (shedding) of superficial cells and hair in skin?

<p>Regulating the number of microorganisms and debris on the skin surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of human skin mentioned in the text?

<p>Energy production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of the normal bacterial flora (skin microbiome) in human skin health?

<p>Producing compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin serves as an immunologic barrier, providing protection against foreign invaders?

<p>Epidermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of the sensory information provision by skin?

<p>Providing information on pressure and temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary role does 7-dehydrocholesterol play in human skin physiology?

<p>Synthesizing vitamin D3 upon exposure to ultraviolet light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers of the epidermis contains stem cells?

<p>Stratum basale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the prominent cell-to-cell junctions called that provide mechanical strength to the stratum spinosum layer?

<p>Desmosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

<p>Producing keratin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of the epidermis do cells begin to flatten and accumulate high levels of keratin?

<p>Stratum granulosum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for pigmentation in the skin?

<p>Melanocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Langerhans' cells in the epidermis?

<p>Immune surveillance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do keratohyalin granules play in the epidermis?

<p>They aid in the aggregation of keratin filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lamellar bodies in the epidermis?

<p>They contribute to the formation of the epidermal water barrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of melanin produced by melanocytes?

<p>It protects the skin against non-ionizing UV irradiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are melanocytes primarily located in the epidermis?

<p>Stratum basale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor molecule for melanin synthesis?

<p>Tyrosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epidermal water barrier?

<p>It prevents entry of fluids and microorganisms, as well as fluid loss from the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sebaceous glands in the skin?

<p>To lubricate the skin and inhibit bacterial growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sweat glands is true?

<p>Eccrine glands are common in primates and open in pores at the skin surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uropygial gland in waterfowl?

<p>To impregnate the feathers with a waterproofing secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sebaceous glands is false?

<p>They are present in feathers of birds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mammary glands?

<p>To produce milk for nourishing offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the eccrine sweat glands is false?

<p>Their ionic composition is different from plasma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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